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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Serandite # | 1.68 | 1.682 | 1.705 to 1.71 | B+ | 33 | .0250 to .0360 | No | |
| Johninnesite | 1.6742 | 1.6968 | 1.6999 | B- | 41.9 | .0257 | No | r > v distinct |
| Fluoro-ferroleakeite | 1.675 | 1.683 | 1.694 | B- | 87 | .0190 | Yes | not discernible |
| Potassic-chloropargasite ! | 1.675 | 1.687 | 1.69 | B- | 65 | .0150 | Yes | |
| Clinochalcomenite | 1.675 | 1.723 | 1.765 | B- | 78 | .0900 | No | |
| Ferriwinchite | 1.675 | 1.687 | B- | 82 | .0120 | Yes | ||
| Legrandite # | 1.675 to 1.702 | 1.69 to 1.709 | 1.735 to 1.74 | B+ | 50 | .0600 | No | |
| Curetonite | 1.676 | 1.68 | 1.693 | B+ | 60 | .0170 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Satpaevite | 1.676 | 1.681 | 1.69 | B+ | 70 | .0140 | Yes | |
| Maricite | 1.676 | 1.695 | 1.698 | B- | 43 | .0220 | No | |
| Whitmoreite | 1.676 | 1.725 | 1.745 | B- | 60-65 | .0690 | Yes | |
| Kukisvumite | 1.676 | 1.746 | 1.795 | B- | 77 | .1190 | No | |
| Ferripyrophyllite | 1.676 to 1.678 | 1.686 to 1.688 | B | Yes | ||||
| Donpeacorite | 1.677 | 1.684 | 1.692 | B- | 88 | .0150 | No | |
| Neskevaaraite-Fe ! | 1.677 | 1.684 | 1.79 | B+ | 25 | .1130 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Harstigite # | 1.678 | 1.68 | 1.683 | B+ | 52 | .0050 | No | |
| Pumpellyite-(Al) ! | 1.678 | 1.68 | 1.691 | B+ | .0130 | Yes | ||
| Qingheiite | 1.678 | 1.684 | 1.691 to 1.91 | B+ | 79 | .0130 to .2320 | Yes | r >> v strong |
| Sverigeite | 1.678 | 1.684 | 1.699 | B+ | 67 | .0210 | No | |
| Rosenbuschite # | 1.678 | 1.687 | 1.705 | B+ | 78 | .0270 | No | |
| Aravaipaite | 1.678 | 1.69 | 1.694 | B- | 70 | .0160 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Magnesiodumortierite | 1.678 | 1.7 | 1.701 | B- | 38.5 | .0230 | Yes | |
| Ernstite | 1.678 | 1.706 | 1.721 | B- | 74 | .0430 | Yes | r > v |
| Huemulite | 1.679 | 1.734 | 1.742 | B- | 25-30 | .0630 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Sahamalite-(Ce) # | 1.679 | 1.776 | 1.807 | B- | 57 | .1280 | No | |
| Glaucochroite # | 1.679 to 1.686 | 1.716 to 1.723 | 1.729 to 1.736 | B- | 61 | .0500 | No | medium, r > v |
| Ferrokinoshitalite ! | 1.68 | 1.68 | 1.7 | B- | 20 | .0200 | Yes | Calculated |
| Gjerdingenite-Ca ! | 1.68 | 1.682 | 1.762 | B+ | 25 | .0820 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Alsakharovite-Zn ! | 1.68 | 1.687 | 1.787 | B+ | 25 | .1070 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Petedunnite | 1.68 | 1.69 | 1.7 | B+ | 70-90 | .0200 | Yes | |
| Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | 1.68 | 1.692 | 1.72 | B+ | 68 | .0400 | No | |
| Hellandite-(Ce) ! | 1.68 | 1.694 | 1.708 | B- | ~90 | .0280 | No | |
| Ciprianiite ! | 1.68 | 1.694 | 1.708 | B- | ~90 | .0280 | No | |
| Mottanaite-(Ce) ! | 1.68 | 1.694 | 1.708 | B- | ~90 | .0280 | Yes | |
| Tschermakite # | 1.68 | 1.695 | 1.698 | B- | 45 | .0180 | No | |
| Astrophyllite # | 1.68 | 1.7 | 1.73 | B+ | 70-90 | .0500 | Yes | none |
| Parnauite | 1.68 | 1.704 | 1.712 | B- | 60 | .0320 | Yes | |
| Metatyuyamunite # | 1.68 | 1.835 | 1.865 | B- | 45 | .1850 | No | |
| Balangeroite | 1.68 | 1.68 | B | .0000 | Yes | |||
| Kuzmenkoite-Zn ! | 1.68 to 1.683 | 1.686 to 1.688 | 1.783 to 1.787 | B+ | 25 | .1030 to .1040 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Riebeckite # | 1.68 to 1.698 | 1.683 to 1.7 | 1.685 to 1.706 | B- | 68-85 | .0050 to .0080 | Yes | strong, r < v |
| Augite # | 1.68 to 1.703 | 1.684 to 1.711 | 1.706 to 1.729 | B+ | 40-52 | .0260 | Yes | weak to distinct, r > v |
| Nchwaningite | 1.681 | 1.688 | 1.69 | B- | 54.4 | .0090 | Yes | |
| Santaclaraite | 1.681 | 1.696 | 1.708 | B- | 83 | .0270 | No | |
| Cobaltomenite # | 1.681 | 1.728 | 1.769 | B- | 83 | .0880 | No | |
| Pumpellyite-(Fe++) | 1.682 | 1.685 | 1.694 | B+ | .0120 | Yes | 56 | |
| Pumpellyite-(Fe+++) | 1.682 | 1.685 | 1.694 | B+ | .0120 | Yes | 56 | |
| Chlorophoenicite # | 1.682 | 1.69 | 1.697 | B- | 83 | .0150 | No | relatively strong |
| Potassic-magnesiohastingsite ! | 1.682 | 1.695 | 1.702 | B- | 58-88 | .0200 | Yes | |
| 1.682 | 1.695 | 1.707 | B- | .0250 | Yes | r > v strong | ||
| Uranotungstite | 1.682 | 1.845 | 1.855 | B- | 42 | .1730 | Yes | |
| Bornemanite | 1.682 to 1.683 | 1.687 to 1.695 | 1.718 to 1.72 | B+ | 66 | .0360 to .0370 | Yes | |
| Murmanite # | 1.682 to 1.735 | 1.765 to 1.77 | 1.807 to 1.839 | B- | 57-64 | .1250 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Kuzmenkoite-Mn ! | 1.683 | 1.687 | 1.775 | B+ | .0920 | Yes | r > v moderate | |
| Organovaite-Zn ! | 1.683 | 1.688 | 1.785 | B+ | 45 | .1020 | Yes | |
| Lemmleinite-Ba ! | 1.683 | 1.69 | 1.82 | B+ | 37 | .1370 | Yes | r > v medium |
| Potassicarfvedsonite ! | 1.683 | 1.692 | 1.699 | B- | >60 | .0160 | Yes | strong, r > v |
| Organovaite-Mn ! | 1.683 | 1.692 | 1.775 | B+ | 40 | .0920 | Yes | weak |
| Lepkhenelmite-Zn ! | 1.683 | 1.692 | 1.795 | B+ | 30 | .1120 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Jervisite | 1.683 | 1.715 | 1.724 | B- | .0410 | No | ||
| Pigeonite # | 1.683 to 1.722 | 1.684 to 1.722 | 1.704 to 1.752 | B+ | 0-32 | .0210 to .0300 | Yes | weak to distinct, r < v |
| Penikisite | 1.684 | 1.688 | 1.705 | B+ | 52-56 | .0210 | Yes | r > v |
| Vanadiocarpholite ! | 1.684 | 1.691 | 1.7 | B+ | 85 | .0160 | No | |
| Kempite # | 1.684 | 1.695 | 1.698 | B- | 54.867 | .0140 | No | |
| Kochite ! | 1.684 | 1.695 | 1.718 | B+ | 73 | .0340 | Yes | |
| Labuntsovite-Mn ! | 1.684 to 1.695 | 1.693 to 1.702 | 1.792 to 1.814 | B+ | 20-44 | .1080 to .1190 | Yes | |
| Kozulite | 1.685 | 1.717 | 1.72 | B- | 34-36 | .0350 | No | |
| Beusite | 1.685 to 1.708 | 1.688 to 1.711 | 1.7 to 1.723 | B+ | 25 | .0150 | No | r > v strong |
| Zwieselite # | 1.686 | 1.69 | 1.703 | B+ | 58 | .0170 | No | |
| Marsturite | 1.686 | 1.691 | 1.708 | B+ | 60 | .0220 | No | r > v weak |
| Scandiobabingtonite ! | 1.686 | 1.694 | 1.709 | B+ | 64 | .0230 | No | |
| Watatsumiite ! | 1.686 | 1.694 | 1.72 | B+ | .0340 | Yes | r < v perceptible | |
| Labuntsovite-Fe ! | 1.686 | 1.696 | 1.835 | B+ | 32 | .1490 | Yes | |
| Paramendozavilite | 1.686 | 1.71 | 1.72 | B- | 55 | .0340 | No | |
| Ponomarevite | 1.686 | 1.718 | 1.72 | B- | 28 | .0340 | No | |
| Lermontovite # | 1.686 to 1.69 | 1.707 | 1.724 to 1.726 | B | .0380 | No | ||
| Parakuzmenkoite-Fe ! | 1.687 | 1.689 | 1.805 | B+ | 22 | .1180 | Yes | |
| Tarapacaite # | 1.687 | 1.722 | 1.731 | B- | 52 | .0440 | No | |
| Bermanite # | 1.687 | 1.725 | 1.748 | B- | 74 | .0610 | No | |
| Dellaventuraite ! | 1.687 to 1.689 | 1.69 to 1.694 | 1.72 to 1.722 | B+ | 49 | .0330 | Yes | |
| Ferrohornblende | 1.687 to 1.694 | 1.7 to 1.707 | 1.701 to 1.712 | B- | 12-76 | .0140 to .0180 | Yes | r > v or r < v |
| Ferrowyllieite | 1.688 | 1.691 | 1.696 | B+ | 50 | .0080 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Wyllieite | 1.688 | 1.691 | 1.696 | B+ | 50 | .0080 | No | |
| Rosemaryite | 1.688 | 1.691 | 1.696 | B+ | 80 | .0080 | Yes | |
| Labuntsovite-Mg ! | 1.688 | 1.692 | 1.802 | B+ | 37 | .1140 | Yes | |
| Gutkovaite-Mn ! | 1.688 | 1.7 | 1.805 | B+ | 35 | .1170 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Kolwezite | 1.688 | 1.9 | B | .2120 | No | |||
| Yoderite | 1.689 to 1.691 | 1.691 to 1.693 | 1.712 to 1.715 | B+ | 25-30 | .0230 to .0240 | Yes | |
| Triphylite # | 1.689 to 1.694 | 1.689 to 1.695 | 1.695 to 1.702 | B-+ | 0-55 | .0060 to .0080 | No | |
| Barylite # | 1.69 | 1.69 to 1.7 | 1.7 | B- | 40.45 | .0100 | No | weak to moderate, r > v |
| Tsepinite-K ! | 1.69 | 1.701 | 1.8 | B+ | 25-40 | .1100 | No | |
| 1.69 | 1.705 | 1.711 | B- | large | .0210 | Yes | r > v distinct | |
| Protoferro-anthophyllite ! | 1.69 | 1.71 | 1.726 | B- | 87 | .0360 | Yes | |
| Schoepite # | 1.69 | 1.714 | 1.735 | B- | 75 | .0450 | Yes | |
| Phosphuranylite # | 1.69 | 1.718 | 1.718 to 1.719 | B- | 5-20 | .0280 to .0290 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Phurcalite | 1.69 | 1.73 | 1.749 | B- | 68 | .0590 | No | |
| Glaukosphaerite | 1.69 | 1.83 | 1.83 | B- | .1400 | No | ||
| Ferrorichterite # | 1.69 | 1.71 | B- | 68-72 | .0200 | No | ||
| Birnessite # | 1.69 | 1.73 | B | .0400 | No | |||
| Neptunite # | 1.69 to 1.6908 | 1.6927 to 1.7 | 1.7194 to 1.736 | B+ | 36-49 | .0294 to .0452 | Yes | r < v strong |