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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Deerite | 1.84 | 1.87 | B | .0300 | No | |||
| Titanite # | 1.84 to 1.95 | 1.87 to 2.034 | 1.943 to 2.11 | B+ | 20-56 | .1030 to .1600 | Yes | r > v extreme |
| Zincrosasite # | 1.84 | B | No | |||||
| Itoite | 1.84 to 1.85 | B | No | |||||
| Peretaite | 1.841 | B+ | No | |||||
| Hentschelite | 1.843 | 1.848 | 1.945 | B+ | 60-70 | .1020 | No | |
| Tornebohmite-(Ce) # | 1.845 | 1.852 | 1.878 | B+ | 26 | .0330 | Yes | strong, r < v |
| Ilinskite ! | 1.845 | 1.965 to 1.968 | 1.975 | B- | 20 | .1300 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Parwelite | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.88 | B+ | 27 | .0300 | No | r > v strong |
| Dumontite # | 1.85 | 1.87 | 1.89 | B+ | .0400 | No | ||
| Rappoldite ! | 1.85 | 1.87 | 1.9 | B+ | 85 | .0500 | Yes | r > v distinct |
| Thometzekite | 1.85 | 1.87 | 1.92 | B+ | 70 | .0700 | No | |
| Spiroffite | 1.85 | 1.91 | 2.2 | B+ | 55 | .3500 | No | |
| Purpurite # | 1.85 | 1.912 | 1.92 | B+ | 38 | .0700 | Yes | relatively strong |
| Chapmanite # | 1.85 | 1.95 | 1.96 | B- | small | .1100 | Yes | none |
| Bariandite | 1.85 | B | Yes | |||||
| Fourmarierite # | 1.85 to 1.865 | 1.885 to 1.92 | 1.89 to 1.97 | B- | 50-55 | .0400 to .1050 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Luddenite | 1.852 | 1.867 | B | 40 | .0150 | Yes | ||
| Anandite | 1.855 | 1.88 | B+ | 0 | .0250 | Yes | ||
| Frondelite # | 1.86 | 1.88 | 1.893 | B- | .0330 | No | ||
| Heterosite # | 1.86 | 1.89 | 1.91 | B+ | .0500 | No | ||
| Pattersonite ! | 1.86 | 1.917 | 1.93 | B- | .0700 | Yes | very strong, r > v | |
| Pseudograndreefite | 1.864 | 1.865 | 1.873 | B+ | 30 | .0090 | No | |
| Yeatmanite # | 1.864 | 1.895 | 1.905 | B- | 52 | .0410 | No | r > v |
| Mammothite | 1.868 | 1.892 | 1.928 | B+ | 80 | .0600 | Yes | |
| Leiteite | 1.87 | 1.88 | 1.98 | B+ | 27 | .1100 | No | r < v very strong |
| Yazganite ! | 1.87 | 1.897 | 1.9 | B- | 35 | .0300 | No | strong, r < v |
| Chloromenite ! | 1.87 | 1.92 | 1.94 | B- | 66 | .0700 | Yes | |
| Claudetite # | 1.87 | 1.92 | 2.01 | B- | 58 | .1400 | No | strong, r > v |
| Macphersonite | 1.87 | 2 | 2.01 | B- | 35 | .1400 | No | r > v |
| Leadhillite # | 1.87 | 2.0085 | 2.01 | B- | 10 | .1400 | No | relatively strong |
| Parsonsite # | 1.87 | 1.89 | B- | 11-26 | .0200 | Yes | ||
| Vergasovaite ! | 1.87 | 1.98 | B | .1100 | Yes | |||
| Drugmanite | 1.87 | B | 33 | No | ||||
| Chenite | 1.871 | 1.909 | 1.927 | B- | 67 | .0560 | No | very strong, r > v |
| Walpurgite # | 1.871 | 1.975 | 2.005 | B- | 52 | .1340 | No | |
| Grandreefite | 1.872 | 1.873 | 1.897 | B+ | 23 | .0250 | No | |
| Fersmanite # | 1.873 to 1.886 | 1.914 to 1.93 | 1.914 to 1.939 | B- | 0-7 | .0410 to .0530 | No | |
| Rockbridgeite # | 1.875 | 1.88 | 1.897 | B+ | .0220 | No | ||
| Manganiandrosite-(La) ! | 1.877 | B | No | |||||
| Anglesite # | 1.878 | 1.883 | 1.895 | B+ | 75.4 | .0170 | No | relatively strong |
| Cesbronite | 1.88 | 1.928 | 2.029 | B+ | 72 | .1490 | Yes | r > v |
| Cesbronite-x | 1.88 | 1.928 | 2.029 | B+ | 72 | .1490 | Yes | r > v |
| Magnesiohulsite | 1.88 | 1.95 | B | .0700 | Yes | |||
| Rauvite # | 1.88 | 1.95 | B- | .0700 | No | |||
| Hallimondite | 1.882 | 1.915 | B+ | 80 | .0330 | No | ||
| Bartelkeite | 1.885 | 1.91 | 1.913 | B- | ~35 | .0280 | No | r > v |
| Tsumebite # | 1.885 | 1.92 | 1.956 | B+ | 90 | .0710 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Szenicsite | 1.886 | 1.892 | 1.903 | B+ | 74 | .0170 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Bellingerite # | 1.89 | 1.9 | 1.99 | B+ | 50 | .1000 | No | |
| Kasolite # | 1.89 | 1.91 | 1.95 | B+ | 43 | .0600 | No | |
| Schultenite # | 1.89 | 1.91 | 1.977 | B+ | 58.2 | .0870 | Yes | strong |
| Yttrotungstite-(Ce) ! | 1.89 | 1.95 | 2.02 | B | .1300 | No | ||
| Cerotungstite-(Ce) | 1.89 | 1.95 | 2.02 | B-+ | .1300 | No | ||
| Yttrotungstite-(Y) # | 1.89 | 1.98 | 2.02 | B- | 68 | .1300 | Yes | |
| Wyartite # | 1.89 | 1.91 | B- | 48 | .0200 | Yes | ||
| Munakataite ! | 1.891 | B | Yes | Calculated β index | ||||
| Britvinite ! | 1.896 | 1.903 | 1.903 | B-+ | 20 | .0070 | No | strong, r < v |
| Metacalciouranoite | 1.897 | 1.911 | 1.932 | B- | 81 | .0350 | No | |
| Schieffelinite | 1.897 | 1.94 | 1.942 | B- | 24 | .0450 | No | r < v marked |
| Huttonite # | 1.898 | 1.9 | 1.922 | B+ | 25 | .0240 | Yes | |
| Hugelite # | 1.898 | 1.915 | B+ | 25 | .0170 | Yes | r << v extreme | |
| Queitite | 1.899 | 1.901 | 1.903 | B+ | 90 | .0040 | No | |
| Deloryite | 1.9 | 1.93 | 1.96 | B+ | 90 | .0600 | No | |
| Phosphogartrellite ! | 1.9 | 1.93 | 2 | B- | 70 | .1000 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Richetite # | 1.9 | 2 | 2 | B- | large | .1000 | Yes | |
| Phosphowalpurgite ! | 1.9 | 2 | B | .1000 | No | |||
| Lithiotantite | 1.9 | B | No | strong birefringence | ||||
| Perrierite-(Ce) | 1.9 to 1.95 | 2.01 | 2.02 to 2.06 | B- | 60 | .1200 | Yes | |
| Lammerite | 1.9 | 1.95 | B+ | 54 | No | |||
| Guyanaite | 1.9 | B | No | |||||
| Tsumcorite | 1.9 | B | 90 | Yes | ||||
| Freedite | 1.9 | B | No | |||||
| Doloresite # | 1.9 | B | No | |||||
| Navajoite # | 1.905 | 2.02 | B | No | ||||
| Pinakiolite # | 1.908 | 2.05 | 2.65 | B- | 32 | .7420 | Yes | r < v |
| Zincgartrellite ! | 1.91 | 1.94 | 1.97 | B- | 87 | .0600 | Yes | |
| Blatterite | 1.91 | 1.97 | 2 | B- | .0900 | No | ||
| Orthowalpurgite | 1.91 | 2 | 2.05 | B- | 70 | .1400 | Yes | |
| Bamfordite ! | 1.91 | 2.03 | 2.11 | B- | 90 | .2000 | Yes | |
| Bauranoite | 1.911 to 1.916 | 1.92 to 1.932 | B- | 81 | .0090 to .0160 | No | ||
| Otjisumeite | 1.92 | 1.922 | 1.943 | B+ | 20 | .0230 | No | |
| Philolithite ! | 1.92 | 1.94 | 1.95 | B+ | 60 | .0300 | Yes | |
| Cobalttsumcorite ! | 1.92 | 1.94 | 1.98 | B+ | 70 | .0600 | Yes | |
| Katoptrite # | 1.92 | 1.95 | 1.95 | B- | 0-5 | .0300 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Larsenite # | 1.92 | 1.95 | 1.96 | B- | 80 | .0400 | No | r > v |
| Manganostibite # | 1.92 | 1.95 | 1.96 | B- | .0400 | No | ||
| Chenevixite # | 1.92 | 1.96 | 2.04 | B+ | 73 | .1200 | No | |
| Graemite | 1.92 | 1.96 | 2.2 | B+ | 48.5 | .2800 | No | |
| Lorenzenite # | 1.92 | 2.01 | 2.02 | B- | 38-40 | .1000 | Yes | none |
| Jensenite | 1.92 | B | No | |||||
| Bernalite | 1.92 to 1.94 | B | No | |||||
| Plumbotsumite | 1.922 | 1.933 | 1.938 | B- | 32 | .0160 | No | |
| Ronneburgite ! | 1.925 | 1.96 | 1.988 | B- | 82 | .0630 | Yes | |
| Lanarkite # | 1.928 | 2.007 | 2.036 | B- | 60 | .1080 | Yes | |
| Schneebergite ! | 1.93 | 1.95 | 1.98 | B+ | 85 | .0500 | Yes | |
| Bismutoferrite # | 1.93 | 1.97 | 2.01 | B | .0800 | No | ||
| Lindgrenite # | 1.93 | 2.002 | 2.02 | B- | 71 | .0900 | No | r > v |
| Olsacherite | 1.935 | 1.966 | 1.983 | B- | 80 | .0480 | No | |
| Maoniupingite-(Ce) ! | 1.937 | 1.97 | B- | .0330 | No |