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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Cookeite # | 1.572 to 1.576 | 1.579 to 1.584 | 1.589 to 1.6 | B+ | 0-90 | .0170 to .0240 | No | |
| Johannite # | 1.572 to 1.577 | 1.592 to 1.597 | 1.612 to 1.616 | B-+ | 90 | .0400 | No | relatively strong |
| Wulfingite | 1.5722 | 1.5781 | 1.5801 | B+ | 60 | .0079 | No | |
| Kaatialaite | 1.573 | 1.574 | 1.636 | B+ | 15 | .0630 | No | |
| Ilmajokite | 1.573 | 1.576 | 1.579 | B+ | 90 | .0060 | No | |
| Threadgoldite | 1.573 | 1.583 | 1.588 | B- | 70 | .0150 | Yes | |
| Jarandolite ! | 1.573 | 1.586 | 1.626 | B+ | 60 | .0530 | No | medium, r > v |
| Gaidonnayite | 1.573 | 1.592 | 1.599 | B+ | 59 | .0260 | Yes | |
| Preobrazhenskite # | 1.573 to 1.576 | 1.573 to 1.576 | 1.594 to 1.596 | B+ | .0210 | No | ||
| Augelite # | 1.5736 | 1.5759 | 1.5877 | B+ | 50.816 | .0141 | No | |
| Juonniite ! | 1.574 | 1.579 | 1.582 | B- | 70.2 | .0080 | Yes | |
| Borocookeite ! | 1.574 | 1.58 | 1.591 | B | .0170 | Yes | ||
| 1.574 | 1.58 | 1.618 | B+ | 44 | .0440 | No | ||
| Uranocircite # | 1.574 | 1.583 | 1.588 | B- | 70 | .0140 | Yes | |
| Krauskopfite | 1.574 | 1.587 | 1.599 | B- | 88 | .0250 | No | |
| Bussyite-(Ce) ! | 1.574 | 1.591 | 1.597 | B- | 63 | .0230 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Dozyite | 1.575 | 1.575 | 1.581 | B+ | 0-5 | .0060 | Yes | very weak |
| Nifontovite | 1.575 | 1.578 | 1.584 | B+ | 76 | .0090 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Clinotobermorite | 1.575 | 1.58 | 1.585 | B-+ | 89.8 | .0100 | Yes | |
| Kingsmountite | 1.575 | 1.581 | 1.583 | B- | 62 | .0080 | No | |
| Vochtenite | 1.575 | 1.589 | 1.603 | B- | 89 | .0280 | No | |
| Dalyite # | 1.575 | 1.59 | 1.601 | B- | 72 | .0260 | No | |
| Ferricopiapite # | 1.575 | 1.62 | B+ | 74 | .0450 | No | ||
| Guerinite | 1.576 | 1.582 | 1.584 | B- | 10 | .0080 | Yes | |
| Terskite | 1.576 | 1.582 | 1.584 | B- | 53 | .0080 | Yes | |
| Lunijianlaite | 1.576 | 1.583 | 1.587 | B- | 61 | .0110 | No | |
| Sorensenite | 1.576 to 1.579 | 1.581 to 1.585 | 1.584 to 1.586 | B- | 10-75 | .0080 | Yes | |
| Matulaite | 1.576 | 1.582 | B- | 60 | No | |||
| Fedotovite | 1.577 | 1.594 | 1.633 | B+ | 68 | .0560 | No | |
| Kolovratite # | 1.577 | B | No | |||||
| Leightonite # | 1.578 | 1.587 | 1.595 | B- | 86.15 | .0170 | No | |
| Potassiccarpholite ! | 1.578 | 1.592 | 1.598 | B- | 57 | .0200 | Yes | |
| Georgechaoite | 1.578 | 1.597 | 1.606 | B- | 67 | .0280 | No | |
| Kratochvilite # | 1.578 | 1.663 | 1.919 | B+ | .3410 | No | ||
| Minnesotaite # | 1.578 to 1.583 | 1.578 to 1.622 | 1.615 to 1.623 | B- | 4 | .0370 to .0400 | Yes | |
| Bavenite # | 1.578 to 1.586 | 1.579 to 1.586 | 1.583 to 1.593 | B+ | 22-60 | .0050 to .0070 | No | |
| Heidornite # | 1.579 | 1.588 | 1.604 | B+ | 63-77 | .0250 | No | |
| Manganohornesite # | 1.579 | 1.589 | 1.609 | B+ | 65-70 | .0300 | No | |
| Metavivianite | 1.579 | 1.603 | 1.629 | B+ | 85 | .0500 | Yes | |
| Nordstrandite | 1.58 | 1.583 | 1.602 | B+ | 24 | .0220 | No | r < v moderate |
| Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | 1.58 | 1.584 | 1.591 | B+ | 74-81 | .0110 | No | |
| Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | 1.58 | 1.584 to 1.585 | 1.59 to 1.591 | B+ | .0100 to .0110 | No | ||
| Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | 1.58 | 1.585 | 1.59 | B+ | 40-50 | .0100 | No | |
| Esperanzaite ! | 1.58 | 1.588 | 1.593 | B- | 74 | .0130 | Yes | r < v moderate |
| Howlite # | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.6 | B- | 60-90 | .0200 | Yes | none |
| Coeruleolactite # | 1.58 | 1.599 | 1.605 | B+ | .0250 | No | ||
| Montdorite | 1.58 | 1.605 | 1.605 | B- | <1 | .0250 | No | |
| Euchlorine # | 1.58 | 1.605 | 1.644 | B+ | .0640 | No | ||
| Niksergievite ! | 1.58 | 1.625 | 1.625 | B- | 0-10 | .0450 | No | |
| Celsian # | 1.58 to 1.584 | 1.585 to 1.587 | 1.594 to 1.596 | B+ | 86-90 | .0140 | Yes | none |
| Saliotite | 1.58 to 1.59 | 1.58 to 1.59 | 1.59 to 1.6 | B- | 30-50 | .0100 | No | |
| Amblygonite # | 1.58 to 1.6 | 1.59 to 1.62 | 1.6 to 1.63 | B- | 50 | .0200 to .0300 | No | |
| Vivianite # | 1.58 to 1.626 | 1.598 to 1.662 | 1.627 to 1.699 | B+ | 63.5-83.5 | .0470 to .0730 | Yes | none |
| Scholzite # | 1.581 | 1.586 | 1.596 | B+ | 70 | .0150 | No | r > v |
| Tuscanite | 1.581 | 1.59 | 1.591 | B- | 40 | .0100 | No | |
| Balipholite | 1.581 | 1.5958 | 1.6008 | B- | 68-72 | .0198 | No | |
| Pakhomovskyite ! | 1.581 | 1.6 | 1.631 | B+ | 75-80 | .0500 | No | |
| Kukharenkoite-(La) ! | 1.581 | 1.715 | 1.715 | B- | 5 | .1340 | Yes | dispersion not observed |
| Sudoite | 1.581 to 1.583 | 1.584 to 1.589 | 1.591 to 1.601 | B- | 64-70 | .0100 to .0180 | No | |
| Zektzerite | 1.582 | 1.584 | 1.584 | B- | 0 | .0020 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Goldichite # | 1.582 | 1.602 | 1.629 | B+ | 82 | .0470 | No | |
| Niahite | 1.582 | 1.604 | 1.609 | B- | 54 | .0270 | No | |
| Siderophyllite # | 1.582 | 1.625 | 1.625 | B- | 4 | .0430 | Yes | |
| Baileychlore | 1.582 | 1.614 | B | .0320 | Yes | |||
| Xonotlite # | 1.583 | 1.585 | 1.595 | B+ | 0-5 | .0120 | No | small |
| Pharmacolite # | 1.583 | 1.589 | 1.594 | B- | 77 | .0110 | No | none |
| Chudobaite | 1.583 | 1.608 | 1.633 | B- | 79 | .0500 | No | |
| Oswaldpeetersite ! | 1.583 | 1.669 | 1.712 | B- | .1290 | Yes | ||
| Serpierite # | 1.583 to 1.584 | 1.641 to 1.642 | 1.647 to 1.648 | B- | 35 | .0640 | Yes | r<v, strong |
| Bayerite # | 1.583 | B | No | |||||
| Eakerite | 1.584 | 1.586 | 1.6 | B+ | 35 | .0160 | No | |
| Millisite # | 1.584 | 1.598 | 1.602 | B+ | .0180 | No | ||
| Kimuraite-(Y) | 1.584 | 1.612 | 1.626 | B- | 70 | .0420 | No | |
| Nissonite | 1.584 | 1.62 | 1.621 | B- | 19 | .0370 | No | |
| Ushkovite | 1.584 | 1.637 | 1.67 | B- | 50 | .0860 | No | |
| Montetrisaite ! | 1.584 | 1.65 | B | .0660 | Yes | |||
| Kukharenkoite-(Ce) ! | 1.584 to 1.594 | 1.71 to 1.724 | 1.715 to 1.728 | B- | 16 | .1310 to .1340 | No | r > v moderate |
| Kapustinite ! | 1.585 | 1.589 | 1.589 | B- | <5 | .0040 | Yes | |
| Zeravshanite ! | 1.585 | 1.598 | 1.603 | B- | -63 | .0180 | No | medium, r < v |
| Wightmanite | 1.585 | 1.603 | 1.604 | B- | 33 | .0190 | No | |
| Nakauriite | 1.585 | 1.604 | 1.612 | B- | 65 | .0270 | Yes | |
| Henmilite | 1.585 | 1.608 | 1.615 | B- | 58 | .0300 | Yes | |
| Vimsite | 1.585 | 1.614 | 1.614 | B- | 28 | .0290 | No | |
| Khaidarkanite ! | 1.585 | 1.615 | 1.648 | B+ | 89 | .0630 | Yes | |
| Devilline # | 1.585 | 1.649 | 1.66 | B- | 39 | .0750 | Yes | |
| Colemanite # | 1.586 | 1.592 | 1.614 | B+ | 55-56 | .0280 | No | relatively weak |
| Spencerite # | 1.586 | 1.602 | 1.606 | B- | 49 | .0200 | No | |
| Heneuite | 1.586 | 1.62 | 1.63 | B- | 50-56 | .0440 | No | |
| Orthoserpierite | 1.586 | 1.645 | 1.65 | B- | 32 | .0640 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Caysichite-(Y) | 1.586 to 1.589 | 1.614 to 1.616 | 1.621 to 1.626 | B- | 61 | .0350 to .0370 | No | |
| Cuspidine # | 1.586 to 1.592 | 1.595 to 1.596 | 1.598 to 1.606 | B+ | 63 | .0120 to .0140 | No | r > v distinct |
| Parascholzite | 1.587 | 1.588 | 1.603 | B+ | 25 | .0160 | No | r > v |
| Miserite # | 1.587 | 1.589 | 1.594 | B+ | 65 | .0070 | Yes | |
| Bultfonteinite # | 1.587 | 1.59 | 1.597 | B+ | .0100 | No | ||
| Monetite # | 1.587 to 1.6 | 1.614 | 1.631 to 1.64 | B-+ | 70 | .0440 | No | |
| Althausite | 1.588 | 1.592 | 1.598 | B+ | 70 | .0100 | No | |
| Paraumbite | 1.588 | 1.601 | 1.61 | B- | 82 | .0220 | No | |
| Cyanotrichite # | 1.588 | 1.617 | 1.655 | B+ | 82 | .0670 | Yes | relatively strong |
| Krausite # | 1.588 | 1.65 | 1.722 | B+ | 70-90 | .1340 | Yes | large |
| Moydite-(Y) | 1.588 | 1.681 | 1.69 | B- | 32 | .1020 | No |