Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
Paganoite ! | 2.07 | 2.09 | B | .0200 | Yes | Calculated | ||
Laurionite # | 2.077 | 2.116 | 2.158 | B- | 70 | .0810 | No | |
2.08 | 2.11 | B | Yes | |||||
Gebhardite | 2.08 | 2.12 | B- | .0400 | No | |||
Coquandite | 2.08 | B+ | 80-85 | No | ||||
Montanite # | 2.09 | 2.09 | B- | 0-15 | Yes | r < v extreme | ||
Tungstite # | 2.09 | 2.24 | 2.26 | B- | 0-10 | .1700 | No | |
Mounanaite | 2.09 | B | Yes | |||||
Lakargiite ! | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | B+ | close to 0 | .0000 | Yes | |
Phyllotungstite | 2.1 | 2.183 to 2.185 | 2.185 | B- | 0-18 | .0850 | No | |
Kentrolite # | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.31 | B+ | 88 | .2100 | Yes | strong, r < v |
Sundiusite | 2.1 | 2.17 | B+ | .0700 | No | |||
Rodalquilarite | 2.1 | 2.2 | B- | 38 | .1000 | No | ||
Edgarbaileyite | 2.1 | 2.58 | B | .4800 | Yes | |||
Zimbabweite | 2.1 | B+ | 80 | Yes | r < v very strong | |||
Namibite | 2.1 | B- | moderate | Yes | ||||
Trimounsite-(Y) | 2.1 | B- | No | r > v strong | ||||
Peterbaylissite | 2.1 | B | No | |||||
Natroniobite | 2.1 to 2.13 | 2.19 to 2.21 | 2.21 to 2.24 | B+ | 10-30 | .1100 | No | r < v |
Gerstleyite # | 2.1 | B | Yes | |||||
Rankamaite | 2.1 | B | No | |||||
Calderonite ! | 2.1 | B+ | 86 | Yes | ||||
Hemihedrite | 2.105 | 2.32 | 2.65 | B+ | 88 | .5450 | No | strong |
Khinite | 2.11 | 2.112 | 2.165 | B+ | 20 | .0550 | Yes | strong |
Balyakinite | 2.11 | 2.18 | 2.22 | B- | 80 | .1100 | No | |
Vauquelinite # | 2.11 | 2.22 | 2.22 | B- | near zero | .1100 | Yes | |
Schneiderhohnite | 2.11 | 2.13 | B+ | .0200 | Yes | |||
Rajite | 2.115 | 2.135 | 2.26 | B+ | 40 | .1450 | No | |
Melanotekite # | 2.12 | 2.17 | 2.31 | B+ | 67 | .1900 | No | |
Seeligerite | 2.12 | 2.32 | 2.32 | B- | 4 | .2000 | No | |
Molybdomenite # | 2.12 | 2.14 | B- | 80 | .0200 | No | ||
Symesite ! | 2.12 | 2.16 | B | .0400 | No | 2V could not be measured | ||
Tranquillityite | 2.12 | B | 40 | No | ||||
Bismutite # | 2.12 to 2.15 | 2.12 to 2.15 | 2.28 | B | .1600 | No | ||
Preisingerite | 2.13 | 2.16 | 2.195 | B | 90 | .0650 | No | |
Baddeleyite # | 2.13 | 2.19 | 2.2 | B- | 30 | .0700 | No | strong, r > v |
Angelellite | 2.13 | 2.2 | 2.4 | B+ | .2700 | No | ||
Jeppeite | 2.13 | 2.21 | 2.35 | B | .2200 | Yes | ||
Atelestite # | 2.14 | 2.15 | 2.18 | B+ | 44 | .0400 | No | |
Rooseveltite # | 2.14 | 2.15 | 2.18 | B+ | 50 | .0400 | No | |
Eztlite | 2.14 | 2.15 | B | .0100 | Yes | |||
Fornacite # | 2.14 | 2.24 | B+ | large | .1000 | No | ||
Vigezzite | 2.14 | 2.315 | B+ | large | .1750 | No | extreme | |
Tantalite-(Mn) # | 2.14 to 2.19 | 2.15 to 2.25 | 2.22 to 2.34 | B+ | .0800 to .1500 | Yes | r < v | |
Clinomimetite | 2.14 to 2.15 | B- | 8 | No | ||||
Yttrocolumbite-(Y) # | 2.15 | B+ | No | |||||
Biehlite ! | 2.15 | B | No | Calculated | ||||
Chloroxiphite # | 2.16 | 2.24 | 2.25 | B- | 70 | .0900 | Yes | |
Georgiadesite # | 2.17 | 2.17 | 2.18 | B+ | .0100 | No | ||
Hubnerite # | 2.17 to 2.2 | 2.22 | 2.3 to 2.32 | B+ | 73 | .1300 | Yes | |
Valentinite # | 2.18 | 2.35 | 2.35 | B- | 10 | .1700 | Yes | |
Onoratoite | 2.18 to 2.23 | 2.23 to 2.26 | B- | No | ||||
Heyite | 2.185 | 2.219 | 2.266 | B | 89 | .0810 | No | |
Descloizite # | 2.185 | 2.265 | 2.35 | B- | 85-90 | .1650 | No | relatively strong |
Fervanite # | 2.186 | 2.222 | 2.224 | B- | 0-20 | .0380 | No | relatively strong |
Plumbotellurite | 2.19 | 2.23 | 2.35 | B+ | 50 | .1600 | No | |
Mereheadite ! | 2.19 | 2.28 | B | .0900 | No | |||
Cotunnite # | 2.199 | 2.217 | 2.26 | B+ | 67.2 | .0610 | No | |
Embreyite | 2.2 | 2.36 | 2.36 | B- | 0-10 | .1600 | No | |
Capgaronnite | 2.2 | 2.3 | B- | .1000 | No | |||
Schumacherite | 2.2 | 2.3 to 2.42 | B+ | ~90 | .1000 to .2200 | No | ||
Russellite # | 2.2 | B+ | 0 | No | ||||
Bannermanite | 2.2 | B | No | |||||
Chervetite | 2.2 to 2.6 | B- | 65-75 | No | ||||
Mottramite # | 2.21 | 2.31 | 2.33 | B- | 73 | .1200 | No | |
Krettnichite ! | 2.21 | 2.39 | B | .1800 | Yes | |||
Schlegelite ! | 2.22 | 2.255 | 2.26 | B- | 42 | .0400 | No | Calculated index values |
Srebrodolskite | 2.24 | 2.25 | 2.27 | B- | .0300 | No | ||
Mendipite # | 2.24 | 2.27 | 2.31 | B-+ | 90 | .0700 | No | |
Oboyerite | 2.24 | 2.26 | B | .0200 | No | none | ||
Manganite # | 2.25 | 2.25 | 2.53 | B+ | .2800 | Yes | r > v very strong | |
Schwartzembergite # | 2.25 | 2.35 | 2.36 | B- | small | .1100 | No | very weak |
Iranite | 2.25 | 2.4 to 2.5 | B | .1500 to .2500 | No | |||
Kenhsuite ! | 2.25 | 2.25 | B+ | 70-80 | Yes | r > v extreme | ||
Sanmartinite # | 2.25 to 2.28 | B+ | No | |||||
Ferberite # | 2.255 | 2.305 | 2.414 | B+ | 68 | .1590 | Yes | |
Hechtsbergite ! | 2.26 | 2.27 | 2.3 | B+ | 50 | .0400 | Yes | |
Tantalite-(Fe) | 2.26 | 2.3 to 2.4 | 2.43 | B+ | .1700 | No | ||
Goethite # | 2.26 to 2.275 | 2.393 to 2.409 | 2.398 to 2.515 | B- | 0-27 | .1380 to .2400 | Yes | r > v extreme |
Raspite # | 2.27 | 2.27 | 2.3 | B+ | 0 | .0300 | No | |
Macquartite | 2.28 | 2.31 | 2.34 | B- | 85 | .0600 | No | |
Brackebuschite # | 2.28 | 2.36 to 2.38 | 2.48 to 2.49 | B+ | ~90 | .2000 to .2100 | Yes | r > v strong |
Tungstibite | 2.285 | 2.4 | 2.58 | B+ | 82 | .2950 | Yes | strong, r < v |
Fairbankite | 2.29 | 2.31 | 2.33 | B | 86 | .0400 | No | |
Leningradite | 2.29 | 2.35 | B- | No | ||||
Columbite-(Fe) # | 2.29 to 2.4 | B+ | No | r < v | ||||
Foordite | 2.294 | B+ | No | |||||
Perovskite # | 2.3 | 2.34 | 2.38 | B+ | 90 | .0800 | Yes | r > v |
Nadorite # | 2.3 | 2.35 | 2.4 | B+ | 85 | .1000 | No | r > v strong |
Perroudite | 2.3 | 2.4 | B+ | ~70 | Yes | r > v very strong | ||
Quenselite # | 2.3 | B+ | No | |||||
Lueshite | 2.3 | B | 45 | No | ||||
2.31 | 2.35 | 2.4 | B+ | 70-75 | .0900 | Yes | ||
Crocoite # | 2.31 | 2.37 | 2.66 | B+ | 57 | .3500 | Yes | none |
Pyrobelonite # | 2.32 | 2.36 | 2.37 | B- | 29 | .0500 | Yes | r > v |
Lucasite-(Ce) | 2.321 | B | No | |||||
Columbite-(Mg) | 2.33 to 2.36 | 2.39 to 2.44 | B- | ~80 | .0600 to .0800 | Yes | ||
Smirnite | 2.35 | 2.36 | 2.46 | B+ | 35-40 | .1100 | No | |
Terlinguaite # | 2.35 | 2.64 | 2.66 | B- | 20 | .3100 | No | relatively strong |
Pseudobrookite # | 2.35 to 2.38 | 2.36 to 2.39 | 2.38 to 2.42 | B+ | 50 | .0300 to .0400 | Yes |