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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Cordierite # | 1.527 to 1.56 | 1.532 to 1.574 | 1.538 to 1.578 | B- | 75-89 | .0110 to .0180 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Shomiokite-(Y) | 1.528 | 1.529 | 1.531 | B+ | 39-49 | .0030 | No | |
| Thomsonite-Sr ! | 1.528 | 1.532 | 1.54 | B+ | 62 | .0120 | No | weak, r > v |
| Albite # | 1.528 to 1.533 | 1.5317 to 1.53685 | 1.538 to 1.542 | B+ | 45 | .0100 | Yes | relatively weak |
| Aplowite | 1.528 to 1.536 | B | No | |||||
| Orthominasragrite ! | 1.529 | 1.534 | 1.534 | B- | 2 | .0050 | Yes | |
| Aluminocopiapite # | 1.529 | 1.535 | 1.585 | B+ | 45 | .0560 | No | |
| Martinite ! | 1.529 | 1.549 | 1.551 | B- | 38 | .0220 | No | dispersion not observed |
| Witherite # | 1.529 | 1.676 | 1.677 | B- | 16 | .1480 | No | relatively weak |
| Tsaregorodtsevite | 1.529 | 1.531 | B- | 76 | .0020 | No | r < v weak | |
| Aragonite # | 1.529 to 1.53 | 1.68 to 1.682 | 1.685 to 1.686 | B- | 18-19 | .1560 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Buddingtonite | 1.53 | 1.531 | 1.534 | B+ | .0040 | No | ||
| Polylithionite # | 1.53 | 1.551 to 1.556 | 1.555 to 1.559 | B- | 0-43 | .0250 to .0290 | Yes | |
| Aspidolite | 1.53 | 1.557 | 1.558 | B- | .0280 | Yes | ||
| Yofortierite | 1.53 | 1.559 | B | .0290 | Yes | |||
| Tiettaite | 1.53 to 1.532 | 1.548 to 1.549 | 1.559 | B- | 79 | .0290 | Yes | r < v moderate |
| Yakhontovite | 1.53 to 1.545 | 1.56 to 1.575 | B | .0300 | Yes | |||
| Phlogopite # | 1.53 to 1.573 | 1.557 to 1.617 | 1.558 to 1.618 | B- | 0-12 | .0280 to .0450 | Yes | weak to distinct, r < v |
| Nontronite # | 1.53 to 1.58 | 1.555 to 1.612 | 1.56 to 1.615 | B- | 5-66 | .0300 to .0350 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Szaibelyite # | 1.53 to 1.67 | 1.53 to 1.73 | 1.55 to 1.74 | B- | 0-10 | .0200 to .0700 | Yes | none |
| Minyulite # | 1.531 | 1.534 | 1.538 | B+ | 70 | .0070 | No | |
| Vertumnite | 1.531 | 1.535 | 1.541 | B- | 62 | .0100 | No | |
| Pentahydroborite | 1.531 | 1.536 | 1.544 | B+ | 73 | .0130 | Yes | |
| Brassite | 1.531 | 1.546 | 1.562 | B+ | .0310 | No | ||
| Shortite # | 1.531 | 1.555 | 1.57 | B- | 75 | .0390 | Yes | r < v moderate |
| Cejkaite ! | 1.531 | 1.645 | B | .1140 | No | from synthetic material | ||
| Delhayelite | 1.532 | 1.532 | 1.532 | B- | 83 | .0000 | No | |
| Filatovite ! | 1.532 | 1.535 | 1.537 | B- | 60 | .0050 | No | |
| Vitimite ! | 1.532 | 1.537 | 1.54 | B- | 75 | .0080 | Yes | r > v |
| Studenitsite | 1.532 | 1.538 | 1.564 | B+ | 54 | .0320 | Yes | medium, r > v |
| Varennesite | 1.532 | 1.54 | 1.55 | B+ | 89 | .0180 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Phaunouxite | 1.532 | 1.542 | 1.556 | B+ | 80 | .0240 | No | |
| Tuzlaite | 1.532 | 1.544 | 1.561 | B+ | 80.9-82 | .0290 | No | |
| Halurgite | 1.532 | 1.545 | 1.572 | B+ | 70 | .0400 | No | |
| Zharchikhite | 1.532 | 1.552 | 1.567 | B- | 80 | .0350 | No | |
| Amarillite # | 1.532 | 1.555 | 1.591 | B+ | .0590 | No | ||
| Nepskoeite ! | 1.532 | 1.562 | 1.562 | B- | 5 | .0300 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Osakaite ! | 1.532 | 1.565 | 1.567 | B- | .0350 | No | ||
| Lanthanite-(Nd) | 1.532 | 1.59 | 1.614 | B- | 61 | .0820 | No | |
| Lanthanite-(Ce) | 1.532 | 1.594 | 1.616 | B- | 60 | .0840 | No | r < v weak |
| 1.532 | 1.543 | B | .0110 | No | ||||
| Amstallite | 1.533 | 1.534 | 1.538 | B+ | 57-59 | .0050 | No | r > v weak |
| Nalipoite | 1.533 | 1.54 | 1.541 | B- | 41-49 | .0080 | No | |
| Hoganite ! | 1.533 | 1.541 | 1.554 | B+ | 85 | .0210 | Yes | medium, r < v |
| Behoite | 1.533 | 1.544 | 1.548 | B- | 82 | .0150 | No | |
| Mooreite # | 1.533 | 1.545 | 1.547 | B- | 50 | .0140 | No | r > v perceptible |
| Natrolemoynite ! | 1.533 | 1.559 | 1.567 | B- | 63 | .0340 | Yes | weak |
| Pentagonite | 1.533 to 1.54 | 1.544 to 1.545 | 1.547 to 1.55 | B- | 50 | .0140 | Yes | r < v extreme |
| Oligoclase # | 1.533 to 1.543 | 1.5368 to 1.5477 | 1.542 to 1.552 | B+ | 82 | .0090 | Yes | none |
| Canasite | 1.534 | 1.538 | 1.543 | B- | 58 | .0090 | No | |
| Gordonite # | 1.534 | 1.543 | 1.558 | B+ | 73 | .0240 | No | |
| Rhomboclase # | 1.534 | 1.553 | 1.638 | B+ | 27 | .1040 | No | |
| Zincocopiapite | 1.534 | 1.554 | 1.586 | B+ | 78 | .0520 | No | |
| Middendorfite ! | 1.534 | 1.562 | 1.563 | B- | 10 | .0290 | Yes | |
| Masutomilite | 1.534 | 1.569 | 1.57 | B- | 29-31 | .0360 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Shabaite-(Nd) | 1.534 | 1.59 | 1.6 | B- | 44 | .0660 | Yes | |
| Pyrophyllite # | 1.534 to 1.556 | 1.586 to 1.589 | 1.596 to 1.601 | B- | 53-62 | .0620 | Yes | none |
| 1.535 | 1.542 | 1.549 | B- | 12-18 | .0140 | No | ||
| Gyrolite # | 1.535 | 1.548 | 1.549 | B- | 0-10 | .0140 | No | |
| Satimolite | 1.535 | 1.552 | 1.553 | B- | small | .0180 | No | |
| Hydrocalumite # | 1.535 | 1.553 | 1.557 | B- | 24 | .0220 | No | |
| 1.535 to 1.57 | 1.555 to 1.6 | 1.565 to 1.605 | B- | 5-25 | .0300 to .0350 | Yes | none | |
| 1.535 to 1.57 | 1.555 to 1.6 | 1.565 to 1.605 | B- | 5-25 | .0300 to .0350 | Yes | none | |
| Nekoite # | 1.535 | B+ | 70 | No | ||||
| Apophyllite-(NaF) | 1.536 | 1.538 | 1.544 | B+ | 32 | .0080 | No | |
| Frankamenite ! | 1.536 | 1.539 | 1.542 | B+ | 70-89.8 | .0060 | No | |
| Gismondine # | 1.536 | 1.539 | 1.542 | B- | 84 | .0060 | No | |
| Intersilite ! | 1.536 | 1.545 | 1.553 | B- | 87 | .0170 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Zellerite | 1.536 | 1.559 | 1.697 | B+ | 30-45 | .1610 | Yes | r > v |
| Xitieshanite | 1.536 | 1.57 | 1.628 | B- | 77 | .0920 | Yes | r > v |
| Loudounite | 1.536 | 1.55 | B | .0140 | Yes | |||
| Jadarite ! | 1.536 | 1.563 | B | .0270 | Yes | |||
| Bigcreekite ! | 1.537 | 1.538 | 1.541 | B+ | 59.2 | .0040 | Yes | r < v moderate |
| Pringleite | 1.537 | 1.548 | 1.57 | B+ | 71.4-77 | .0330 | No | |
| Naujakasite # | 1.537 | 1.55 | 1.556 | B- | 52-71 | .0190 | No | |
| Ganophyllite # | 1.537 | 1.611 | 1.613 | B- | Small | .0760 | Yes | |
| Pokrovskite | 1.537 | 1.611 | 1.619 | B- | 18 | .0820 | No | |
| 1.537 | B | No | ||||||
| Bakhchisaraitsevite ! | 1.538 | 1.54 | 1.543 | B+ | 70 | .0050 | No | |
| Edingtonite # | 1.538 | 1.549 | 1.554 | B- | ~50 | .0160 | No | |
| Talc # | 1.538 to 1.55 | 1.575 to 1.594 | 1.575 to 1.6 | B- | 0-30 | .0370 to .0500 | Yes | noticeable, r > v |
| Clinobehoite | 1.539 | 1.544 | 1.548 | B- | 80-83 | .0090 | No | |
| Brushite # | 1.539 | 1.546 | 1.551 | B+ | 86 | .0120 | No | |
| Manganonaujakasite ! | 1.539 | 1.551 | 1.554 | B- | 54 | .0150 | No | r < v |
| Raite | 1.54 | 1.542 | 1.55 | B- | 53 | .0100 | No | |
| Farringtonite | 1.54 | 1.544 | 1.559 | B+ | 54-55 | .0190 | No | |
| Bulachite | 1.54 | 1.546 | 1.548 | B- | 66 | .0080 | No | r > v |
| Nevadaite ! | 1.54 | 1.548 | 1.553 | B- | 76 | .0130 | Yes | |
| Camgasite | 1.54 | 1.548 | 1.563 | B+ | 74 | .0230 | No | |
| Manaksite | 1.54 | 1.551 | 1.557 | B- | .0170 | No | ||
| Moreauite | 1.54 | 1.552 | 1.558 | B- | 70 | .0180 | No | |
| Rauenthalite | 1.54 | 1.552 | 1.57 | B+ | 85 | .0300 | No | |
| Lemoynite | 1.54 | 1.553 | 1.57 | B+ | 80 | .0300 | No | |
| Glaucocerinite # | 1.54 | 1.554 | 1.562 | B- | 60 | .0220 | No | |
| Tuperssuatsiaite | 1.54 | 1.56 | 1.58 to 1.6 | B+ | 103.5-103. | .0400 to .0600 | Yes | |
| Piretite ! | 1.54 | 1.73 | 1.75 | B- | 33 | .2100 | Yes | weak, r > v |
| Calciocopiapite | 1.54 | B+ | 50-60 | No | ||||
| Voglite # | 1.541 | 1.547 | 1.564 | B+ | 60 | .0230 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Beryllite # | 1.541 | 1.553 | 1.56 | B- | <45 | .0190 | Yes | |
| Girvasite | 1.541 | 1.557 | 1.565 | B- | 60-71 | .0240 | No |