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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Allanite-(La) ! | 1.755 | 1.76 | 1.765 | B- | .0100 | No | ||
| Allactite # | 1.755 | 1.772 | 1.774 | B- | 0 | .0190 | No | |
| Theisite | 1.755 | 1.785 | 1.785 | B- | 0 | .0300 | Yes | |
| Phosphofibrite | 1.755 | 1.79 | B- | .0350 | No | |||
| Nielsbohrite ! | 1.756 | 1.764 | 1.765 | B- | 35 | .0090 | Yes | strong, r > v |
| Alleghanyite # | 1.756 | 1.78 | 1.792 | B- | 72 | .0360 | No | r > v |
| Thortveitite # | 1.756 | 1.793 | 1.809 | B- | 65 | .0530 | Yes | |
| Natrodufrenite | 1.756 | 1.775 | B | .0190 | Yes | |||
| Ferrisurite | 1.757 | 1.763 | 1.773 | B+ | 76 | .0160 | Yes | |
| Vajdakite ! | 1.757 | 1.778 | 2.04 | B+ | 35 | .2830 | Yes | |
| Sailaufite ! | 1.757 | 1.8 | 1.8 | B- | 32 | .0430 | No | |
| Orientite # | 1.758 | 1.776 | 1.795 | B+ | 68-83 | .0370 | Yes | r > v very strong |
| Tlalocite | 1.758 | 1.796 | 1.81 | B- | 64 | .0520 | Yes | |
| Austinite # | 1.759 | 1.763 | 1.783 | B+ | 47 | .0240 | No | |
| Tephroite # | 1.759 | 1.797 | 1.86 | B+ | 60-70 | .1010 | Yes | none |
| Billietite # | 1.76 | 1.8 | 1.805 | B | 37 | .0450 | No | |
| Gilmarite ! | 1.76 | 1.8 | 1.83 | B- | 77 | .0700 | Yes | r > v |
| Calciouranoite | 1.76 | 1.84 | 1.87 | B- | .1100 | Yes | ||
| Bradaczekite ! | 1.76 | 1.92 | 1.96 | B- | .2000 | Yes | ||
| Cianciulliite | 1.76 | 1.92 | B | .1600 | Yes | |||
| Dewindtite # | 1.76 to 1.762 | 1.767 to 1.768 | 1.768 to 1.77 | B- | large | .0080 | Yes | |
| Karpatite # | 1.76 to 1.78 | 1.78 to 1.982 | 2.05 to 2.15 | B-+ | 96-115 | .2900 to .3700 | Yes | |
| Wadsleyite | 1.76 | B | No | |||||
| Mendozavilite | 1.762 | 1.763 | 1.766 | B+ | 5-15 | .0040 | Yes | very strong, r > v |
| Paulkellerite | 1.762 | 1.767 | 1.825 | B+ | 37 | .0630 | No | |
| Esperite | 1.762 | 1.77 | 1.774 | B- | 40 | .0120 | Yes | |
| Yoshimuraite | 1.763 | 1.777 | 1.785 | B+ | 85-90 | .0220 | No | |
| Piemontite-(Sr) ! | 1.763 | B+ | Yes | |||||
| Clinoferrosilite # | 1.764 | 1.767 | 1.792 | B+ | 25 | .0280 | No | |
| Malayaite | 1.764 to 1.767 | 1.783 to 1.785 | 1.798 to 1.802 | B- | 85 | .0340 to .0350 | Yes | |
| Sonolite | 1.765 | 1.778 | 1.787 | B- | 75.5-82 | .0220 | No | |
| Vandenbrandeite # | 1.765 | 1.792 | 1.8 | B- | 90 | .0350 | Yes | strong |
| Cornetite # | 1.765 | 1.81 | 1.82 | B- | 33 | .0550 | No | |
| Retzian-(La) | 1.766 | 1.773 | 1.788 | B+ | 69 | .0220 | Yes | r > v slight |
| Kosmochlor # | 1.766 | 1.781 | B | .0150 | No | |||
| Teineite # | 1.767 | 1.782 | 1.791 | B- | 36 | .0240 | No | |
| Strakhovite | 1.767 | 1.793 | 1.871 | B+ | 60-65 | .1040 | Yes | strong, r > v |
| Monazite-(Sm) ! | 1.768 | 1.771 | 1.818 | B+ | 29 | .0500 | No | |
| Poppiite ! | 1.768 | 1.804 | 1.81 | B- | .0420 | Yes | ||
| Holdenite # | 1.769 | 1.77 | 1.785 | B+ | 30.33 | .0160 | No | r > v distinct |
| Magnesiopascoite ! | 1.769 | 1.802 | 1.807 | B- | 45 | .0380 | Yes | r < v crossed |
| Taramellite # | 1.77 | 1.774 | 1.83 | B+ | 77 | .0600 | Yes | r > v distinct |
| Medaite | 1.77 | 1.78 | 1.8 | B+ | 71 | .0300 | Yes | |
| Gadolinite-(Y) # | 1.77 | 1.79 | 1.82 | B+ | 85 | .0500 | No | |
| Calcurmolite | 1.77 | 1.816 | 1.856 | B- | .0860 | Yes | ||
| Janhaugite | 1.77 | 1.828 | 1.91 | B+ | 80 | .1400 | Yes | |
| Derriksite | 1.77 | 1.85 | 1.89 | B- | .1200 | No | ||
| Sengierite # | 1.77 | 1.92 to 1.94 | 1.94 | B- | ~37 | .1700 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Rankachite | 1.77 | 1.925 | 1.97 | B- | 58 | .2000 | Yes | r << v |
| Hewettite # | 1.77 | 2.18 | 2.35 to 2.4 | B- | .5800 to .6300 | No | ||
| Nickelaustinite | 1.77 | 1.778 | B+ | .0080 | No | |||
| Barbosalite # | 1.77 | 1.835 | B+ | 70 | .0650 | No | ||
| Monazite-(La) | 1.77 to 1.8 | 1.7705 to 1.802 | 1.83 to 1.85 | B+ | 12 | .0600 | No | |
| Monazite-(Nd) | 1.77 to 1.8 | 1.7705 to 1.802 | 1.83 to 1.85 | B+ | .0600 | No | ||
| Uedaite-(Ce) ! | 1.77 | B- | No | |||||
| Jerrygibbsite | 1.772 | 1.783 | 1.789 | B- | 72 | .0170 | Yes | r > v moderate |
| Olivenite # | 1.772 | 1.785 to 1.81 | 1.863 | B+ | 80-90 | .0910 | No | relatively strong |
| Khristovite-(Ce) ! | 1.773 | 1.79 | 1.803 | B- | 83 | .0300 | No | r < v medium |
| Macfallite | 1.773 to 1.775 | 1.795 | 1.81 to 1.815 | B- | 86 | .0370 to .0400 | Yes | |
| Retzian-(Nd) | 1.774 | 1.782 | 1.798 | B+ | 69 | .0240 | Yes | r < v weak |
| Beraunite # | 1.775 | 1.786 | 1.815 | B+ | 30-60 | .0400 | No | relatively weak |
| Taikanite | 1.775 | 1.792 | 1.814 | B+ | 74-80 | .0390 | No | |
| Bostwickite | 1.775 | 1.798 | 1.8 | B- | 25 | .0250 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Botallackite # | 1.775 | 1.8 | 1.846 | B+ | .0710 | No | ||
| Giniite | 1.775 | 1.803 | 1.812 | B- | 55 | .0370 | Yes | |
| Pascoite # | 1.775 | 1.815 | 1.825 | B- | 50 | .0500 | Yes | r > v very strong |
| Robertsite | 1.775 | 1.82 | 1.82 | B- | 8 | .0450 | No | |
| Chalcosiderite # | 1.775 | 1.84 | 1.855 | B- | 22 | .0800 | No | relatively strong |
| Xocomecatlite | 1.775 | 1.9 | 1.92 | B- | 41 | .1450 | No | low |
| Bruggenite | 1.7755 | 1.7985 | 1.8205 | B- | 86-96 | .0450 | No | |
| Caryinite # | 1.776 | 1.78 | 1.805 | B+ | 41 | .0290 | No | r > v slight |
| Julgoldite-(Fe++) | 1.776 | 1.814 | 1.836 | B- | 50-70 | .0600 | No | |
| Julgoldite-(Fe+++) | 1.776 | 1.814 | 1.836 | B- | 50-70 | .0600 | Yes | |
| Retzian-(Ce) # | 1.777 | 1.788 | 1.8 | B+ | .0230 | Yes | ||
| Cobaltaustinite | 1.777 | 1.802 | B+ | .0250 | No | |||
| 1.779 | 1.78 | 1.817 | B+ | 17-20 | .0380 | Yes | ||
| Kolicite | 1.779 | 1.786 | 1.79 | B- | 78 | .0110 | No | |
| Meurigite-K ! | 1.78 | 1.785 | 1.8 | B+ | 60 | .0200 | No | |
| Cobaltlotharmeyerite ! | 1.78 | 1.79 | 1.85 | B+ | 48 | .0700 | Yes | r > v distinct |
| Ribbeite | 1.78 | 1.792 | 1.808 | B+ | 83 | .0280 | No | |
| Jarosewichite | 1.78 | 1.795 | 1.805 | B- | 78 | .0250 | Yes | |
| Metamunirite | 1.78 | 1.8 | B+ | 30-40 | No | |||
| Aluminomagnesiohulsite ! | 1.78 | 1.802 | 1.805 | B+ | 33 | .0250 | Yes | |
| Metavandendriesscheite | 1.78 | 1.85 | 1.86 | B- | 60 | .0800 | Yes | |
| Vandendriesscheite # | 1.78 | 1.85 | 1.86 | B- | 60 | .0800 | No | |
| Comancheite | 1.78 | 1.79 | B | .0100 | No | |||
| Hogtuvaite | 1.78 | 1.82 | B- | .0400 | No | |||
| Riomarinaite ! | 1.78 | B | No | |||||
| Aenigmatite # | 1.78 to 1.8 | 1.8 to 1.82 | 1.87 to 1.9 | B+ | 27-55 | .0900 to .1000 | Yes | single |
| Marthozite | 1.78 to 1.785 | 1.78 to 1.785 | B- | 37-42 | Yes | |||
| Vastmanlandite-(Ce) ! | 1.781 | 1.792 | 1.81 | B+ | 75 | .0290 | Yes | strong, r > v |
| Betpakdalite | 1.782 | 1.797 | 1.85 | B+ | 60 | .0680 | Yes | extreme |
| Alluaudite # | 1.782 | 1.802 | 1.835 | B+ | 50-90 | .0530 | Yes | r > v moderate |
| Okhotskite-(Mn++) | 1.782 | 1.82 | 1.827 | B- | 46 | .0450 | Yes | |
| Reichenbachite | 1.782 | 1.833 | 1.867 | B- | 76.3 | .0850 | No | |
| Flinkite # | 1.783 | 1.801 | 1.834 | B+ | .0510 | No | ||
| Delrioite | 1.783 | 1.834 | 1.866 | B- | .0830 | Yes | ||
| Grischunite | 1.784 | 1.785 | 1.79 | B+ | 40-50 | .0060 | No | |
| Scorodite # | 1.784 to 1.888 | 1.795 to 1.895 | 1.814 to 1.915 | B-+ | 75-62 | .0300 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Perraultite | 1.785 | 1.81 | 1.82 | B- | 66 | .0350 | Yes | r << v strong |