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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Simferite | 1.69 to 1.704 | 1.702 to 1.716 | 1.712 to 1.726 | B | -60 | .0220 | Yes | strong, r > v |
| Pseudosinhalite ! | 1.691 | 1.713 | 1.73 | B- | 80.0 | .0390 | No | |
| Vinogradovite # | 1.691 to 1.745 | 1.769 to 1.773 | 1.773 to 1.818 | B- | 41-82 | .0820 | Yes | |
| Bjarebyite | 1.692 | 1.695 | 1.71 | B+ | 35 | .0180 | Yes | |
| Phosphosiderite # | 1.692 | 1.725 | 1.738 | B- | 62 | .0460 | No | |
| Munirite | 1.692 | 1.757 | 1.8 | B- | 75 | .1080 | No | |
| Keckite | 1.692 | 1.699 | B- | Yes | ||||
| Tinzenite # | 1.693 | 1.701 | 1.704 | B- | 62 | .0110 | No | |
| Redgillite ! | 1.693 | 1.721 | 1.723 | B- | .0300 | Yes | r > v medium | |
| Kipushite | 1.693 | 1.738 | 1.74 | B- | .0470 | No | ||
| Surite | 1.693 | 1.738 | B | .0450 | No | |||
| Sodic-ferripedrizite ! | 1.694 | 1.698 | 1.702 | B- | 83 | .0080 | Yes | r > v medium |
| Bobfergusonite | 1.694 | 1.698 | 1.715 | B+ | 46.4 | .0210 | No | |
| Wendwilsonite | 1.694 | 1.703 | 1.713 | B+ | 87 | .0190 | Yes | r < v |
| Tyrolite # | 1.694 | 1.726 | 1.73 | B- | 36 | .0360 | No | relatively strong |
| Grenmarite ! | 1.694 | 1.735 | B | >90 | .0410 | Yes | ||
| Euchroite # | 1.695 | 1.698 | 1.733 | B+ | 29 | .0380 | Yes | relatively weak |
| Ferripedrizite ! | 1.695 | 1.7 | 1.702 | B- | 55 | .0070 | Yes | r > v |
| Protomangano-ferro-anthophyllite ! | 1.695 | 1.714 | 1.731 | B- | 76 | .0360 | Yes | |
| Kamchatkite | 1.695 | 1.718 | 1.759 | B+ | 75 | .0640 | No | |
| Clinobarylite ! | 1.695 to 1.698 | 1.7 to 1.702 | 1.705 to 1.708 | B+ | 70 | .0100 | No | |
| Potassicferrisadanagaite ! | 1.696 | 1.7 | 1.715 | B- | 45 | .0190 | Yes | |
| Vistepite | 1.696 | 1.711 | 1.715 | B- | 54.3-57 | .0190 | No | |
| Ojuelaite | 1.696 | 1.73 | 1.798 | B+ | 73 | .1020 | Yes | |
| Earlshannonite | 1.696 | 1.745 | 1.765 | B- | 64 | .0690 | Yes | |
| Zoisite # | 1.696 to 1.7 | 1.696 to 1.702 | 1.702 to 1.718 | B+ | 0-70 | .0060 to .0180 | Yes | relatively strong |
| Manganoneptunite # | 1.697 | 1.7 | 1.725 | B+ | 36 | .0280 | No | |
| Akatoreite | 1.698 | 1.704 | 1.72 | B+ | 65.5 | .0220 | No | |
| Kozoite-(Nd) ! | 1.698 | 1.78 | B | .0820 | No | |||
| Ferri-clinoholmquistite ! | 1.699 | 1.703 | 1.708 | B+ | 72 | .0090 | Yes | r < v |
| Ercitite ! | 1.699 | 1.715 | 1.737 | B+ | 86 | .0380 | Yes | |
| Hedenbergite # | 1.699 to 1.739 | 1.705 to 1.745 | 1.728 to 1.757 | B+ | 58-63 | .0290 | Yes | distinct to strong, r > v |
| Hainite # | 1.7 | 1.705 | 1.712 | B+ | Large | .0120 | Yes | r >v strong, N calculated |
| Graftonite # | 1.7 | 1.705 | 1.724 | B+ | 30-60 | .0240 | Yes | relatively weak |
| Nechelyustovite ! | 1.7 | 1.71 | 1.734 | B+ | .0340 | No | ||
| Ferropargasite | 1.7 | 1.713 | 1.718 | B- | .0180 | No | ||
| Marianoite ! | 1.7 | 1.715 | 1.725 | B- | 80 | .0250 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Eveite | 1.7 | 1.715 | 1.732 | B+ | 65 | .0320 | No | |
| Rouaite ! | 1.7 | 1.715 | 1.738 | B+ | 81 | .0380 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Vuagnatite | 1.7 | 1.725 | 1.73 | B- | 48 | .0300 | No | |
| Vyacheslavite | 1.7 | 1.726 to 1.729 | 1.729 to 1.731 | B- | .0290 to .0310 | Yes | ||
| Magnesiozippeite | 1.7 | 1.74 | 1.79 | B | .0900 | No | ||
| Caryochroite ! | 1.7 | 1.745 | 1.775 | B- | 75 | .0750 | Yes | |
| Paraschoepite # | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.77 | B | 40 | .0700 | No | |
| Roubaultite | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.82 to 1.84 | B- | 55 | .1200 to .1400 | Yes | |
| Hydrotungstite # | 1.7 | 1.95 | 2.04 | B- | 52 | .3400 | No | |
| Metahewettite # | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.23 | B- | 52 | .5300 | No | |
| Sidwillite | 1.7 | 2.21 | 2.38 | B- | 48 | .6800 | No | |
| Cabalzarite ! | 1.7 | 1.76 | B | .0600 | Yes | |||
| Niocalite # | 1.7 to 1.701 | 1.714 to 1.721 | 1.72 to 1.73 | B- | 34-56 | .0200 to .0290 | No | |
| Diaspore # | 1.7 to 1.702 | 1.72 to 1.722 | 1.747 to 1.752 | B+ | 80-88 | .0470 to .0500 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| Wohlerite # | 1.7 to 1.705 | 1.716 to 1.72 | 1.726 to 1.728 | B- | 70-77 | .0260 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Rutherfordine # | 1.7 to 1.723 | 1.716 to 1.73 | 1.755 to 1.795 | B+ | 46 | .0550 to .0720 | No | |
| Zinc-zippeite | 1.7 to 1.75 | B- | No | |||||
| 1.7 to 1.76 | 1.71 to 1.8 | 1.73 to 1.813 | B- | 70-110 | .0300 to .0530 | No | r > v moderate | |
| Spheniscidite | 1.7 | B | No | |||||
| Serendibite # | 1.701 | 1.703 | 1.706 | B+ | 80 | .0050 | Yes | strong, r < v |
| Howieite | 1.701 | 1.72 | 1.734 | B- | 65 | .0330 | Yes | |
| Parabrandtite | 1.701 | 1.721 | 1.751 | B+ | 79.9 | .0500 | No | r > v weak |
| Sapphirine # | 1.701 to 1.729 | 1.703 to 1.732 | 1.705 to 1.734 | B- | 51-69 | .0040 to .0050 | Yes | r < v |
| Kanonaite | 1.702 | 1.73 | 1.823 | B+ | 75-90 | .1210 | No | |
| Libethenite # | 1.702 | 1.745 | 1.789 | B- | 80-90 | .0870 | Yes | relatively strong |
| Kulanite | 1.703 | 1.705 | 1.723 | B+ | 32 | .0200 | Yes | r >> v strong |
| Zincroselite | 1.703 | 1.71 | 1.72 | B+ | 50-57 | .0170 | No | |
| Gerhardtite # | 1.703 | 1.713 | 1.722 | B+ | 85 | .0190 | No | |
| Ahlfeldite # | 1.703 | 1.744 | 1.786 | B- | 85 | .0830 | Yes | r < v |
| Johannsenite # | 1.703 to 1.716 | 1.711 to 1.728 | 1.732 to 1.745 | B+ | 68-70 | .0290 | No | |
| Vanmeersscheite | 1.704 | 1.715 | 1.718 | B- | 56 | .0140 | Yes | |
| Xanthoxenite # | 1.704 | 1.715 | 1.724 | B- | 80-90 | .0200 | No | |
| Petterdite ! | 1.704 | 1.802 | 1.842 | B- | .1380 | Yes | ||
| Taramite # | 1.705 | 1.713 | 1.715 | B- | 60-80 | .0100 | No | |
| Simplotite # | 1.705 | 1.767 | 1.769 | B- | 25 | .0640 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Holtite | 1.705 to 1.746 | 1.728 to 1.759 | 1.73 to 1.761 | B- | 20-55 | .0250 | Yes | r < v |
| Natronambulite | 1.706 | 1.71 | 1.73 | B+ | 45 | .0240 | No | |
| Merwinite # | 1.706 to 1.708 | 1.711 to 1.712 | 1.718 to 1.724 | B+ | 67 | .0120 to .0160 | No | r > v |
| Clinozoisite ! | 1.706 to 1.724 | 1.708 to 1.729 | 1.712 to 1.735 | B+ | 14-90 | .0060 to .0110 | Yes | r > v or r < v |
| Nambulite | 1.707 | 1.71 | 1.73 | B+ | 30 | .0230 | No | r > v weak |
| Manganhumite | 1.707 | 1.712 | 1.723 | B+ | 37 | .0160 | No | |
| Larnite # | 1.707 | 1.715 | 1.73 | B+ | large | .0230 | No | |
| Leucophosphite # | 1.707 | 1.721 | 1.739 | B+ | .0320 | No | ||
| Paravinogradovite ! | 1.707 | 1.741 | 1.755 | B- | 64 | .0480 | Yes | r > v |
| Brandtite # | 1.707 to 1.709 | 1.711 | 1.724 to 1.729 | B+ | 23 | .0170 to .0200 | No | r < v strong |
| Shcherbakovite # | 1.707 to 1.714 | 1.745 to 1.746 | 1.765 to 1.772 | B- | 64-90 | .0580 | Yes | r < v distinct |
| Oxykinoshitalite ! | 1.708 | 1.71 | 1.719 | B+ | 56 | .0110 | Yes | |
| Zircophyllite | 1.708 | 1.738 | 1.747 | B- | 62 | .0390 | Yes | |
| Langite # | 1.708 | 1.76 | 1.798 | B- | 65 | .0900 | No | |
| Varulite # | 1.708 | 1.722 | B+ | 70 | .0140 | Yes | r > v | |
| Adamite # | 1.708 to 1.722 | 1.742 to 1.744 | 1.763 to 1.773 | B-+ | 88 | .0550 | No | none |
| Stringhamite | 1.709 | 1.717 | 1.729 | B+ | 80 | .0200 | Yes | |
| Metahohmannite # | 1.709 | 1.718 | 1.734 | B+ | 70 | .0250 | Yes | |
| Sophiite | 1.709 | 1.726 | 1.75 | B+ | 81 | .0410 | No | |
| Kamitugaite | 1.709 | 1.735 | 1.744 | B- | 60 | .0350 | Yes | |
| Ottrelite # | 1.709 to 1.725 | 1.712 to 1.726 | 1.716 to 1.732 | B+ | 46-70 | .0070 | Yes | r > v strong |
| Magnesiostaurolite ! | 1.709 | B | ~90 | No | ||||
| Juabite ! | 1.71 | 1.71 to 1.73 | 1.73 | B | .0200 | No | ||
| Strontio-orthojoaquinite | 1.71 | 1.718 | 1.78 | B+ | 35-45 | .0700 | No | |
| Strontiojoaquinite | 1.71 | 1.718 | 1.78 | B+ | 35-45 | .0700 | No | r > v strong |
| Schuilingite-(Nd) # | 1.71 | 1.755 | 1.775 | B- | 66 | .0650 | No | |
| Rossite # | 1.71 | 1.77 | 1.84 | B- | 70 | .1300 | No | relatively strong |
| Ferro-edenite # | 1.71 | 1.73 | B- | 20 | .0200 | No |