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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
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Biaxial Minerals sorted by Index of Refraction |
( Bold - Valid Mineral Name)
(* - Mineral Name is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana Classification Number Has Been Changed or Added)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)
(# - Grandfathered as valid)
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| Mineral Name | α | β | γ | Sign | 2V | Bire | Pleo- chroic |
Dispersion |
| Pargasite # | 1.63 | 1.64 | 1.65 | B- | 63 | .0200 | Yes | r > v |
| Hydrozincite # | 1.63 | 1.642 | 1.75 | B- | 40 | .1200 | No | relatively strong |
| Odintsovite | 1.63 | 1.644 | 1.675 | B+ | 70 | .0450 | Yes | |
| Friedelite # | 1.63 | 1.66 | 1.66 | B | .0300 | No | ||
| Quadruphite-VIII | 1.63 | 1.678 | 1.697 | B- | 62 | .0670 | No | |
| Quadruphite-VII | 1.63 | 1.678 | 1.697 | B- | 62 | .0670 | No | |
| Natrozippeite | 1.63 | 1.69 | 1.738 | B- | 80 | .1080 | Yes | |
| Widgiemoolthalite | 1.63 | 1.64 | B+ | high | .0100 | No | ||
| Sieleckiite | 1.63 | 1.66 | B | .0300 | Yes | |||
| Manganocummingtonite | 1.63 to 1.638 | 1.644 to 1.651 | 1.652 to 1.665 | B+ | 73-90 | .0220 to .0270 | Yes | |
| 1.63 to 1.65 | 1.65 to 1.67 | 1.67 to 1.69 | B+ | 46-98 | .0400 | No | relatively weak | |
| Dwornikite | 1.63 | B | No | |||||
| Aheylite | 1.63 | B+ | No | |||||
| Picropharmacolite # | 1.631 | 1.632 | 1.64 | B | 40 | .0090 | No | r < v strong |
| Eveslogite ! | 1.631 | 1.641 | 1.647 | B- | .0160 | Yes | ||
| Hydroxylclinohumite ! | 1.631 | 1.641 | 1.664 | B+ | 70 | .0330 | Yes | weak |
| Ransomite # | 1.631 | 1.643 | 1.695 | B+ | .0640 | No | ||
| Ominelite ! | 1.631 | 1.654 | 1.656 | B- | 31.5 | .0250 | Yes | strong, r >> v |
| Remondite-(Ce) | 1.632 | 1.633 | 1.638 | B+ | 40-48 | .0060 | No | |
| Trabzonite | 1.632 | 1.634 | 1.64 | B+ | 55-60 | .0080 | No | weak to distinct, r > v |
| Zykaite | 1.632 | 1.635 to 1.636 | 1.646 | B- | 60 | .0140 | No | |
| Chaidamuite | 1.632 | 1.64 | 1.688 | B+ | 44 | .0560 | Yes | |
| Collinsite # | 1.632 | 1.642 | 1.657 | B+ | 80 | .0250 | No | |
| Arupite | 1.632 | 1.65 | 1.68 | B+ | 60-70 | .0480 | No | |
| Koritnigite | 1.632 | 1.652 | 1.693 | B+ | 70 | .0610 | No | |
| Jahnsite-(NaFeMg) ! | 1.632 | 1.669 | 1.671 | B- | 25 | .0390 | Yes | very strong, r > v |
| Sharpite # | 1.633 | 1.72 | B+ | .0870 | Yes | |||
| Nenadkevichite ! | 1.633 to 1.659 | 1.642 to 1.686 | 1.738 to 1.785 | B+ | 31-45 | .1050 to .1260 | Yes | |
| Poldervaartite | 1.634 | 1.64 | 1.656 | B+ | 63-65 | .0220 | No | |
| Fluoropargasite ! | 1.634 | 1.642 | 1.654 | B+ | 68 | .0200 | Yes | r > v weak |
| Durangite # | 1.634 | 1.673 | 1.685 | B- | 45 | .0510 | No | |
| Irhtemite | 1.634 | 1.642 | B+ | .0080 | No | |||
| Barite # | 1.634 to 1.637 | 1.6355 to 1.638 | 1.646 to 1.648 | B+ | 36-40 | .0120 | Yes | weak, r < v |
| 1.634 to 1.637 | 1.6355 to 1.638 | 1.646 to 1.648 | B+ | 36-40 | .0120 | Yes | weak, r < v | |
| Hillite ! | 1.635 | 1.65 | 1.669 | B+ | .0340 | No | ||
| Brianyoungite | 1.635 | 1.65 | B | No | ||||
| Symplesite # | 1.635 | 1.668 | 1.702 | B- | 87 | .0670 | Yes | |
| Ramsbeckite | 1.635 | 1.675 | 1.68 | B- | 37 | .0450 | No | |
| Kurchatovite | 1.635 | 1.681 | 1.698 | B- | 66 | .0630 | Yes | r > v |
| Galgenbergite-(Ce) ! | 1.635 | 1.725 | 1.75 | B- | .1150 | Yes | dispersion not observed | |
| Killalaite | 1.635 | 1.642 | B- | 26 | .0070 | No | ||
| Brindleyite | 1.635 | B | No | |||||
| Norrishite | 1.636 | 1.687 | 1.785 | B+ | 74-75 | .1490 | Yes | |
| Vuonnemite | 1.636 to 1.639 | 1.651 to 1.656 | 1.68 to 1.683 | B+ | 86 | .0440 | Yes | |
| Fairfieldite # | 1.636 to 1.64 | 1.644 to 1.65 | 1.654 to 1.66 | B+ | 86 | .0180 to .0200 | No | relatively weak |
| Forsterite # | 1.636 to 1.73 | 1.65 to 1.739 | 1.669 to 1.772 | B- | 74-90 | .0330 to .0420 | Yes | r > v or r < v |
| Kurgantaite ! | 1.637 | 1.638 | 1.675 | B+ | <10 | .0380 | No | dispersion not observed |
| Koashvite | 1.637 | 1.643 | 1.648 | B- | 82-84 | .0110 | No | weak, r > v |
| Nimite | 1.637 | 1.647 | 1.647 | B- | 15 | .0100 | Yes | |
| Loseyite # | 1.637 | 1.648 | 1.676 | B+ | 64 | .0390 | No | relatively weak |
| Tyretskite | 1.637 | 1.65 | 1.67 | B+ | 46 | .0330 | No | |
| Wilhelmvierlingite | 1.637 | 1.664 | 1.692 | B- | .0550 | Yes | ||
| Wroewolfeite | 1.637 | 1.682 | 1.694 | B- | 53 | .0570 | Yes | |
| Manganogrunerite | 1.638 | 1.651 | 1.665 | B-+ | 89-92 | .0270 | No | |
| Kinoite | 1.638 | 1.665 | 1.676 | B- | 68 | .0380 | No | |
| Lepersonnite-(Gd) | 1.638 | 1.666 | 1.682 | B- | 73 | .0440 | Yes | |
| Vayrynenite # | 1.638 to 1.64 | 1.658 to 1.662 | 1.664 to 1.667 | B- | 54.13 | .0260 to .0270 | No | |
| Nagelschmidtite | 1.638 to 1.68 | 1.652 to 1.698 | B-+ | No | ||||
| Rudenkoite ! | 1.639 | 1.648 | 1.665 | B+ | 75 | .0260 | Yes | r > v medium |
| Triangulite | 1.639 | 1.665 | 1.704 | B+ | 80 | .0650 | Yes | |
| Hiortdahlite # | 1.639 to 1.658 | 1.643 to 1.664 | 1.646 to 1.671 | B+ | 80 | .0070 to .0130 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Monticellite # | 1.639 to 1.663 | 1.645 to 1.674 | 1.653 to 1.68 | B- | 88-65 | .0140 to .0170 | Yes | relatively weak |
| Cummingtonite # | 1.639 to 1.671 | 1.647 to 1.689 | 1.664 to 1.708 | B+ | 65-90 | .0250 to .0370 | Yes | r > v or r < v |
| Roeblingite # | 1.64 | 1.64 | 1.66 | B+ | 0-20 | .0200 | No | |
| Juanite # | 1.64 | 1.642 | 1.647 | B+ | 50 | .0070 | No | |
| Penkvilksite | 1.64 | 1.646 | 1.675 | B+ | 50 | .0350 | No | |
| Hellandite-(Y) # | 1.64 | 1.65 | 1.66 | B+ | 80 | .0200 | No | |
| Malhmoodite | 1.64 | 1.652 | 1.652 | B- | 0 | .0120 | No | |
| Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | 1.64 | 1.658 | 1.67 | B+ | .0300 | Yes | ||
| Metastudtite | 1.64 | 1.658 | 1.76 | B+ | 47.7 | .1200 | No | |
| Tilasite # | 1.64 | 1.66 | 1.675 | B- | 82.733 | .0350 | Yes | r < v |
| Swamboite | 1.64 | 1.661 | 1.663 | B- | 30 | .0230 | Yes | |
| Seamanite # | 1.64 | 1.663 | 1.665 | B+ | 40 | .0250 | No | |
| Cyanophyllite | 1.64 | 1.664 | 1.675 | B- | 67 | .0350 | No | |
| Ancylite-(La) ! | 1.64 | 1.668 | 1.731 | B+ | 70 | .0910 | Yes | r < v moderate |
| Shubnikovite # | 1.64 | 1.69 | 1.69 | B- | small | .0500 | Yes | |
| Richelsdorfite | 1.64 | 1.692 | 1.694 | B- | 10-15 | .0540 | No | |
| Ferrobustamite # | 1.64 | 1.653 | B- | 60 | .0130 | No | ||
| Rankinite # | 1.64 to 1.641 | 1.644 | 1.65 | B+ | 64 | .0100 | No | |
| Spurrite # | 1.64 to 1.641 | 1.674 to 1.676 | 1.679 to 1.681 | B- | 38-40 | .0390 to .0400 | Yes | |
| Mcgillite | 1.64 to 1.643 | 1.667 to 1.67 | 1.667 to 1.67 | B- | .0270 | No | ||
| Chernykhite | 1.64 to 1.643 | 1.686 to 1.691 | 1.702 to 1.704 | B- | 11-12 | .0620 | No | |
| Cassidyite | 1.64 to 1.65 | 1.67 | B | .0300 | No | |||
| 1.64 to 1.659 | 1.645 to 1.666 | 1.652 to 1.67 | B- | 12-65 | .0120 | Yes | very strong, r > v | |
| Ferrikatophorite | 1.64 to 1.681 | 1.658 to 1.688 | 1.66 to 1.692 | B- | 0-50 | .0200 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Katophorite # | 1.64 to 1.681 | 1.658 to 1.688 | 1.66 to 1.692 | B- | 0-50 | .0200 | Yes | r > v |
| Magnesioferrikatophorite | 1.64 to 1.681 | 1.658 to 1.688 | 1.66 to 1.692 | B- | 0-50 | .0200 | Yes | r < v strong |
| Magnesiokatophorite | 1.64 to 1.681 | 1.658 to 1.688 | 1.66 to 1.692 | B- | 0-50 | .0200 | No | |
| Bustamite # | 1.64 to 1.695 | 1.651 to 1.708 | 1.653 to 1.71 | B- | 34-60 | .0130 to .0150 | Yes | |
| Ferroceladonite ! | 1.64 | B | Yes | |||||
| Ningyoite | 1.64 to 1.71 | B | No | |||||
| 1.641 | 1.649 | 1.661 | B+ | 60 | .0200 | No | ||
| Ferroglaucophane # | 1.641 | 1.659 | 1.662 | B- | 42 | .0210 | No | |
| Jonesite | 1.641 | 1.66 | 1.682 | B+ | 76-78 | .0410 | Yes | |
| Attikaite ! | 1.642 | 1.644 | 1.644 | B- | 10 | .0020 | Yes | |
| Shannonite ! | 1.642 | 1.645 | 1.654 | B+ | 52 | .0120 | No | |
| Fluoro-magnesiohastingsite ! | 1.642 | 1.647 | 1.662 | B- | 61 | .0200 | Yes | not discernible |
| Korzhinskite | 1.642 | 1.647 | 1.672 | B+ | 43.6 | .0300 | No | |
| Clinokurchatovite | 1.642 to 1.644 | 1.674 to 1.675 | 1.699 to 1.704 | B- | 82-88 | .0570 to .0600 | No | |
| Mullite # | 1.642 to 1.653 | 1.644 to 1.655 | 1.654 to 1.679 | B+ | 20-50 | .0120 to .0260 | Yes | r > v |