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Physical Properties of Torbernite
Cleavage:
{001} Perfect, {100} Distinct
Color:
Green, Grass green, Leek green, Apple green, Siskin green.
Density:
3.2
Diaphaneity:
Transparent to subtranslucent
Fracture:
Brittle - Generally displayed by glasses and most non-metallic minerals.
Habit:
Earthy - Dull, clay-like texture with no visible crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite).
Habit:
Foliated - Two dimensional platy forms.
Habit:
Tabular - Form dimensions are thin in one direction.
Hardness:
2-2.5 - Gypsum-Finger Nail
Luminescence:
Non-Fluorescent, Short UV=yellow, Long UV=yellow.
Luster:
Vitreous - Pearly
Streak:
pale green
Optical Properties of Torbernite
Dichroism (e):
blue.
Dichroism (w):
green.
Gladstone-Dale:
CI meas= -0.131 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC) CI calc= -0.124 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.1823,KPDmeas= 0.1834,KC= 0.1622 Ncalc = 1.52
Optical Data:
Uniaxial (-), e=1.582, w=1.592, bire=0.0100.
Calculated Properties of Torbernite
Electron Density:
Bulk Density (Electron Density)=2.92 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Torbernite =3.22 gm/cc.
Fermion Index:
Fermion Index = 0.0036377245 Boson Index = 0.9963622755
Photoelectric:
PETorbernite =1,206.11 barns/electron U=PETorbernite x relectron=3,516.69 barns/cc.
Radioactivity:
GRapi = 3,705,087.28 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Concentration of Torbernite per GRapi unit = 269.90 (PPB)
Torbernite is Radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403. Greater than 70 Bq / gram.
Estimated Radioactivity from Torbernite - very strong
Specimen Size Weight/Volume (Sphere) *
Calculated Activity Bequerols (Bq)
Calculated Activity Curies (Ci)
Estimated Activity GR(api)
Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour
1000 gm / 8.40 cm
85,926,487
2.32E-03
3,705,087.28
1,218.11
100 gm / 3.90 cm
8,592,649
2.32E-04
370,508.73
121.81
10 gm / 1.81 cm
859,265
2.32E-05
37,050.87
12.18
1 gm / 8.40 mm
85,926
2.32E-06
3,705.09
1.22
0.1 gm / 3.90 mm
8,593
2.32E-07
370.51
0.12
0.01 gm / 1.81 mm
859
2.32E-08
37.05
0.01
0.001 gm / 0.84 mm
86
2.32E-09
3.71
0.00
Weight of pure Torbernite in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 3.22 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure (
360 mRem)
** Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem
Chemical Formula: 
- very strong