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Livingstonite Mineral Data
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General Livingstonite Information
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 Chemical Formula: |
HgSb4S8 |
| Composition: |
Molecular Weight = 944.12 gm |
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Mercury 21.25 % Hg |
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Antimony 51.58 % Sb |
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Sulfur 27.17 % S |
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______ |
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100.00 % |
| Empirical Formula: |
HgSb4S8 |
| Environment: |
In low-temperature hydrothermal veins. |
| IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) |
| Locality: |
Huitzuco de los Figueroa (Huitzuco), Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. |
| Name Origin: |
Named after the Scottish explorer and missionary, David Livingstone (1813-1873). |
| Name Pronunciation: |
Livingstonite + Pronunciation  |
| Synonym: |
ICSD 60144 |
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PDF 36-416 |
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Livingstonite Image |
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Images:
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Livingstonite
Comments: Dark brown, acicular-columnar crystals of livingstonite in anhydrite.
Location: Guerrero, Mexico.
Scale: 2x3 cm.
© Dave Barthelmy |
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Livingstonite Crystallography
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| Axial Ratios: |
a:b:c =7.6005:1:5.4271 |
| Cell Dimensions: |
a = 30.25, b = 3.98, c = 21.6, Z = 8; beta = 104.167° V = 2,521.44 Den(Calc)= 4.97 |
| Crystal System: |
Monoclinic - Prismatic H-M Symbol (2/m) Space Group: A2/a |
| X Ray Diffraction: |
By Intensity(I/Io): 2.99(1), 3.47(0.7), 3.73(0.7), |
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Physical Properties of Livingstonite
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| Cleavage: |
{010} Perfect, {100} Perfect |
| Color: |
Steel gray, Lead gray. |
| Density: |
4.81 - 4.9, Average = 4.85 |
| Diaphaneity: |
Opaque to subtranslucent |
| Fracture: |
Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern. |
| Habit: |
Columnar - Forms columns |
| Habit: |
Fibrous - Crystals made up of fibers. |
| Habit: |
Radial - Crystals radiate from a center without producing stellar forms (e.g. stibnite) |
| Hardness: |
2 - Gypsum |
| Luster: |
Sub Metallic |
| Streak: |
red |
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Optical Properties of Livingstonite
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| Optical Data: |
Biaxial (-), b=2.72-2.8 |
| Pleochroism (y): |
red. |
| RL Color: |
White with deep red internal reflections. |
| Reflectivity |
Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Livingstonite in Air
| λ |
R1 |
R2 |
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∑ R1(λ) |
∑ R2(λ) |
| 400 nm |
33.20 |
42.20 |
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| 420 nm |
33.00 |
42.60 |
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| 440 nm |
32.80 |
43.00 |
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| 460 nm |
32.40 |
43.10 |
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| 480 nm |
31.90 |
43.00 |
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| 500 nm |
31.40 |
42.40 |
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| 520 nm |
30.80 |
41.50 |
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| 540 nm |
30.40 |
40.50 |
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| 560 nm |
30.10 |
39.70 |
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| 580 nm |
29.70 |
39.00 |
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| 600 nm |
29.50 |
38.40 |
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| 620 nm |
29.20 |
37.70 |
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| 640 nm |
28.80 |
37.00 |
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| 660 nm |
28.40 |
36.10 |
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| 680 nm |
27.80 |
35.10 |
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| 700 nm |
27.20 |
34.20 |
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Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Livingstonite in Air
Relative
Intensity |
0% |
40% |
80% |
100% |
120% |
160% |
200% |
240% |
280% |
300% |
| R1 |
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| R2 |
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Calculated Properties of Livingstonite
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| Electron Density: |
Bulk Density (Electron Density)=4.34 gm/cc
note: Specific Gravity of Livingstonite =4.97 gm/cc.
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| Fermion Index: |
Fermion Index = 0.06
Boson Index = 0.94 |
| Photoelectric: |
PELivingstonite = 519.98 barns/electron
U=PELivingstonite x rElectron Density=2,255.52 barns/cc.
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| Radioactivity: |
GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Livingstonite is Not Radioactive |
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Livingstonite Classification
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| Dana Class: |
03.07.11.01 (03)Sulfides - Sulfosalts |
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(03.07)where z/y = 2 - (A+)i (A++)j [By Cz], A=metals, B=semi-metals, C=non-metals |
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(03.07.11)Dana Group |
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03.07.11.01 Livingstonite HgSb4S8 A2/a 2/m |
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03.07.11.02 Grumiplucite! HgBi2S4 C 2/m 2/m |
| Strunz Class: |
02.HA.15 02 - SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulf |
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02.H - Sulfosalts of SnS Archetype |
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02.HA -With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb) |
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02.HA.15 Livingstonite HgSb4S8 A2/a 2/m |
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Other Livingstonite Information
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| References: |
NAME( Duda&Rejl90) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic1) |
| See Also: |
Links to other databases for Livingstonite :
1 - Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Athena
3 - EUROmin Project
4 - Ecole des Mines de Paris
5 - GeoScienceWorld
6 - Google Images
7 - Google Scholar
8 - Handbook of Mineralogy (MinSocAm)
9 - Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
10 - MinDAT
11 - Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
12 - Online Mineral Museum
13 - QUT Mineral Atlas
14 - Ruff.Info
15 - WWW-MINCRYST
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Print or Cut-and-Paste your Livingstonite Specimen Label here :
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Livingstonite
HgSb4S8
Dana No: 03.07.11.01 Strunz No: 02.HA.15
Locality:
Notes:
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