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Hammarite Mineral Data
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General Hammarite Information
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 Chemical Formula: |
Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 (?) |
| Composition: |
Molecular Weight = 1,666.01 gm |
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Copper 7.63 % Cu |
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Bismuth 50.18 % Bi |
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Lead 24.87 % Pb |
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Sulfur 17.32 % S |
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______ |
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100.00 % |
| Empirical Formula: |
Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 |
| Environment: |
In hydrothermal veins. |
| IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1924 |
| Locality: |
Gladhammer, Province of Kalmar, Sweden. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. |
| Name Origin: |
Named after its locality. |
| Name Pronunciation: |
Hammarite + Pronunciation  |
| Synonym: |
ICSD 60156 |
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PDF 30-179 |
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Hammarite Image |
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Images:
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Hammarite
Comments: Metallic, white to gray hammarite with native bismuth in fluorite and quartz.
Location: Sadisdorf, Schmiedeberg, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany.
Scale: Picture size 5 mm.
© Thomas Witzke / Abraxas-Verlag |
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Hammarite Crystallography
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| Axial Ratios: |
a:b:c =2.8886:1:0.3446 |
| Cell Dimensions: |
a = 33.45, b = 11.58, c = 3.991, Z = 4; V = 1,545.92 Den(Calc)= 7.16 |
| Crystal System: |
Orthorhombic - Dipyramidal H-M Symbol (2/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: Pbnm |
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Physical Properties of Hammarite
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| Cleavage: |
{010} Good |
| Color: |
Reddish steel gray. |
| Density: |
6.73 |
| Diaphaneity: |
Opaque |
| Fracture: |
Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle materials characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g. quartz). |
| Habit: |
Acicular - Occurs as needle-like crystals. |
| Hardness: |
3-4 - Calcite-Fluorite |
| Luster: |
Metallic |
| Streak: |
black |
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Optical Properties of Hammarite
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| RL Color: |
Steel gray with a red tint. |
| Reflectivity |
Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Hammarite in Air
| λ |
R1 |
R2 |
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∑ R1(λ) |
∑ R2(λ) |
| 400 nm |
40.10 |
47.00 |
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| 420 nm |
39.90 |
47.00 |
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| 440 nm |
39.70 |
47.00 |
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| 460 nm |
39.60 |
47.10 |
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| 480 nm |
39.60 |
47.20 |
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| 500 nm |
39.50 |
47.40 |
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| 520 nm |
39.40 |
47.50 |
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| 540 nm |
39.30 |
47.50 |
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| 560 nm |
39.20 |
47.30 |
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| 580 nm |
39.00 |
47.00 |
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| 600 nm |
38.80 |
46.50 |
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| 620 nm |
38.50 |
46.00 |
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| 640 nm |
38.20 |
45.50 |
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| 660 nm |
37.90 |
45.00 |
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| 680 nm |
37.60 |
44.50 |
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| 700 nm |
37.50 |
44.00 |
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Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Hammarite in Air
Relative
Intensity |
0% |
30% |
60% |
90% |
100% |
120% |
150% |
180% |
210% |
230% |
| R1 |
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| R2 |
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Calculated Properties of Hammarite
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| Electron Density: |
Bulk Density (Electron Density)=6.00 gm/cc
note: Specific Gravity of Hammarite =7.16 gm/cc.
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| Fermion Index: |
Fermion Index = 0.05
Boson Index = 0.95 |
| Photoelectric: |
PEHammarite =1,424.23 barns/electron
U=PEHammarite x rElectron Density=8,544.79 barns/cc.
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| Radioactivity: |
GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Hammarite is Not Radioactive |
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Hammarite Classification
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| Dana Class: |
03.04.05.04 (03)Sulfides - Sulfosalts |
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(03.04)where z/y > 3 - (A+)i (A++)j [By Cz], A=metals, B=semi-metals, C=non-metals |
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(03.04.05)Aikinite Group (Orthorhombic containing Pb, Cu, Bi, & S) |
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03.04.05.01 Aikinite PbCuBiS3 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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03.04.05.02 Krupkaite PbCuBi3S6 P mc21 mm2 |
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03.04.05.03 Gladite PbCuBi5S9 P nma 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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03.04.05.04 Hammarite Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?) Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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03.04.05.05 Friedrichite Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 Pb21m mm2 |
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03.04.05.06 Pekoite PbCuBi11(S,Se)18 P 21am mm2 |
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03.04.05.07 Lindstromite Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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03.04.05.08 Salzburgite! Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12 P mc21 mm2 |
| Strunz Class: |
02.HB.05a 02 - SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulf |
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02.H - Sulfosalts of SnS Archetype |
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02.HB -With Cu, Ag, Hg, Fe, Sn and Pb |
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02.HB.05a Aikinite PbCuBiS3 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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02.HB.05a Hammarite Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?) Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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02.HB.05a Gladite PbCuBi5S9 P nma 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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02.HB.05a Friedrichite Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 Pb21m mm2 |
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02.HB.05a Lindstromite Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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02.HB.05a Krupkaite PbCuBi3S6 P mc21 mm2 |
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02.HB.05a Pekoite PbCuBi11(S,Se)18 P 21am mm2 |
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02.HB.05a Paarite! Cu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12 Pmcn 2/m 2/m 2/m |
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02.HB.05a Emilite! Cu2.68Pb2.68Bi5.32S12 P mc21 mm2 |
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02.HB.05a Salzburgite! Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12 P mc21 mm2 |
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Other Hammarite Information
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| References: |
NAME( Ford32) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic1) |
| See Also: |
Links to other databases for Hammarite :
1 - Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Athena
3 - EUROmin Project
4 - Ecole des Mines de Paris
5 - GeoScienceWorld
6 - Google Images
7 - Google Scholar
8 - Handbook of Mineralogy (MinSocAm)
9 - Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
10 - MinDAT
11 - Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
12 - Online Mineral Museum
13 - QUT Mineral Atlas
14 - Ruff.Info
15 - WWW-MINCRYST
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Hammarite
Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 (?)
Dana No: 03.04.05.04 Strunz No: 02.HB.05a
Locality:
Notes:
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